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PHTY302 > Quiz Questions > Flashcards

Quiz Questions Flashcards

1
Q

EMG

A

Electromyography

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2
Q

In the quantitative analysis of running in AFL, what was one of the key findings?

A

There is a persistent imbalance between left and right legs.

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3
Q

Transverse plane

A

Divides top and bottom halves

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4
Q

Sagittal plane

A

Vertical, dividing left and right halves

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5
Q

Frontal plane

A

Divides front and back halves

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6
Q

Frontal axis

A

Sagittal plane

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7
Q

Longitudinal axis

A

Transverse plane

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8
Q

Sagittal axis

A

Frontal plane

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9
Q

Contribution of sports medicine to developing an athlete

A

Injury management

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10
Q

Contribution of physiology to developing an athlete

A

Fitness

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11
Q

Contribution of strength and conditioning to developing an athlete

A

Physical state

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12
Q

Contribution of psychology to developing an athlete

A

Mental state

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13
Q

Statics, in mechanical terms, is:

A

Mechanics of objects at rest or moving at constant velocity

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14
Q

Bar path and bar velocity are tied to body position during which 2 phases of the snatch?

A

First and second pull

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15
Q

As a bowler turns his arm over to bowl the ball, his arm is undergoing what motion?

A

Angular motion around the frontal axis

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16
Q

As a bowler runs towards the wicket prior to delivering he is undergoing what motion?

A

Linear motion in the sagittal plane

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17
Q

As a batsman steps forward before rotating to strike the ball his trunk is undergoing what type of motion?

A

Linear motion in the frontal plane

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18
Q

As a batsman plays the sweep shot to hit the ball, his trunk is undergoing what type of motion?

A

Angular motion about the longitudinal axis.

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19
Q

Ligaments are a ____ Body

A

Non-rigid

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20
Q

Muscles are a ____ body

A

Non-rigid

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21
Q

A cricket bat is a ____ body

A

Rigid

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22
Q

Bones are ____ bodies

A

Rigid

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23
Q

In a closed kinetic chain movement, the distal segments move…

A

Simultaneously with the proximal segments

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24
Q

What effect does body mass have on the relationship between minimalist shoes and risk of running injury?

A

Heavier runners have increased risk of injury when running in minimalist shoes

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25
Q

What is the definition of stride length?

A

The distance between consecutive foot-ground contacts of the same foot

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26
Q

What are the characteristics of minimalist footwear?

A

Lack of motion control devices
Low shoe mass
High flexibility
Low heel-toe drop

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27
Q

When compared to conventional shoes, what effect does running barefoot have on stride rate and stride length?

A

Increased stride rate

Decreased stride length

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28
Q

When compared to conventional shoes, what effect does running in minimalist shoes have on mechanical work at the knee and ankle?

A

Increased mechanical work at the ankle

Decreased mechanical work at the knee joint

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29
Q

Running in minimalist shoes is most likely to increase pain in which parts of the body?

A

Ankle, calf and shin

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30
Q

Good running economy is demonstrated by…

A

Using less energy at a given running velocity

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31
Q

When compared to conventional shoes, what effect does running barefoot have on knee and ankle joint angles at initial contact?

A

Increased knee flexion and ankle plantarflexion

32
Q

What is the definition of ground reaction force?

A

A force that is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the force exerted by a body/object on the ground

33
Q

Angular momentum

A

The magnitude of a system’s angular motion

Requires angular impulse to change it

34
Q

A skier flying through the air wants to decrease forward rotation of their body. They should…

A

Rotate their arms forwards in large circles

35
Q

Moment of inertia

A

Rotational inertia, the resistance of a body to change its rotary motion

36
Q

What are the 4 properties of a torque?

A

Magnitude
Axis of rotation
Line of application
Point of application

37
Q

The moment of inertia of the lower extremity around the hip joint is changed by knee flexion and extension, which alters what?

A

The radius of gyration

38
Q

Regarding torque, clockwise motion is…

A

Negative (-ve)

39
Q

Regarding torque, anticlockwise motion is…

A

Positive (+ve)

40
Q

After determining the location and nature of the obstacle, the MIT ‘Cheetah’ then processes information to alter…

A

Step length and force required to clear the obstacle

41
Q

As a runner runs, their centre of gravity oscillates and as such, the work done by the runner will…

A

Vary based on the vertical oscillations of the CoG.

42
Q

Describe the forces of the front and rear feet in a sprinter off the starting blocks.

A

Front foot: concentric force in the sagittal plane

Rear foot: eccentric force in the frontal plane

43
Q

Free body diagrams are characterised by:

A

Stick figure representation of rigid bodies and external forces acting on the system.

44
Q

What are the unique properties of a force?

A

Magnitude
Direction
Line of action
Point of application

45
Q

When the MIT ‘Cheetah’ lands on its front feet after clearing the hurdle this is an example of ____ equilibrium.

A

Unstable

46
Q

According to the results of Adolph et al. (2012), what changes occur as we learn to walk?

  • step length, width and per hour
  • time walking
  • distance covered
  • no. falls
A 
Step length increases
Step width decreases
Time walking increases
Steps per hour increase
Distance covered increases
Falls decrease
47
Q

An eccentric force causes a body to undergo…

A

Rotational motion

May also cause translation

48
Q

How does the MIT Cheetah robot analyse its environment to plan its motions?

A

It uses a 2D laser distance sensor to get information about height and distance of the object.

49
Q

What mechanical factors can be used to maximise stability?

What does this do to mobility?

A

Increase base of support, lower centre of gravity, position centre of gravity towards the expected external force within the base of support.
Decreases motility

50
Q

A point of peak flexion in a squat is often referred to as the ___

A

Hole

51
Q

The high-bar is ___ to the snatch and clean

A

Comparable

52
Q

If an Olympic weightlifter squats 190kg (1RM), what could you predict their snatch 1RM will be?

A

106.4kg

53
Q

What will typically occur if the CoP moves out of the BoS?

A

A loss of balance

54
Q

The low-bar back-squat displays ___ forward lean than the high-bar back-squat?

A

Greater

55
Q

A belt-less 1RM back-squat is typically __% of a belted back-squat 1RM.

A

90

56
Q

Kinetics can be defined by forces that cause ____.

A

Motion

57
Q

Kinematics can be defined as describing movement without ____.

A

Force

58
Q

At what speed does a 1RM squat typically occur at?

A

0.2m/s

59
Q

The ____ is often referred to as the ‘traditional’ squat.

A

High-bar

60
Q

In Carol Putnam’s paper on segmental interaction, one of her conclusions is that the summation of speed ___ is a valid explanation of the sequential sequencing observed in walking, running and kicking, but the summation of ___ principle cannot be similarly explained.

A

Speed

Force

61
Q

In de Hoyo et al (2016), what parameters did they find were more likely altered by the eccentric training on side-stepping performance?

A

Contact time and time spent braking.

62
Q

A good observational strategy should include at least these 3 items:

A

What critical features to focus on
How to control the situation
Number of observations needed

63
Q

What are the 4 components of a skill analysis?

A

Preparation
Observation
Evaluation
Intervention

64
Q

Projectile motion applies to all bodies including humans. For performance purposes…

A

CoG cannot be altered once in flight, by applying internal forces to the limbs to change the distribution of mass with respect to the CoG.

65
Q

When might 45 degrees not be the optimum release angle for maximum range?

A

A faster release speed may be possible at a lower or higher angle.

66
Q

What is common to all projectile motion?

A

Gravity

67
Q

To ensure maximum range when the release height is greater than the landing height…

A

…then the optimal angle of release is less than 45 degrees.

68
Q

To ensure maximum range when the release height is less than the landing height…

A

…then the optimal angle of release is greater than 45 degrees.

69
Q

To ensure maximum range when the release height is the same as the landing height…

A

…then the optimal release angle is 45 degrees.

70
Q

In projectile motion, what does the height of release determine?

A

Trajectory shape (the difference between the height of initial projection to the height at which it lands or stops)

71
Q

In projectile motion, what does the velocity of release determine?

A

The length or size of the projectile’s trajectory.

72
Q

In projectile motion, what does the angle of release determine?

A

The shape of a projectile’s trajectory

73
Q

Projectile motion is characterised by _____ horizontal velocity and _____ vertical velocity

A

Constant horizontal velocity

Changing vertical velocity

74
Q

What factors determine the range of a projectile?

A

Horizontal velocity and time in the air

75
Q

According to Blazevich (2012), to learn a skill that requires high speed and high accuracy, like a tennis serve, it is common to teach…

A

…the skill in a way that breaks the skill down to a push-like pattern and then progress to a throw-like pattern.

76
Q

In Carol Putnam’s paper on segmental interaction, what was one of her conclusions?

A

That the summation of speed principle is a valid explanation of the sequential sequencing observed in walking, running and kicking, but the summation of force principle cannot be similarly explained.

PHTY302 (4 decks)

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