quiz questions

Question 1

Which of the following best captures the main upshot of Barnes’ article?

Answer 1

Valuing disability can sometimes lead to actions that cause harm to disabled individuals.

Question 2

Functional accounts of health (like the ones that Anita Silvers critiques) understand health as

Answer 2

the ability to perform all typical physiological functions with at least typical efficiency.

Question 3

What is the primary focus of Menzel’s article?

Answer 3

The ethical justification for a basic minimum of accessible healthcare

Question 4

“Bad-difference” views of disability maintain that disability

Answer 4

is something that, in itself, makes you worse off.

Question 5

Which of the following is essential to maintaining a mere-difference view of disability?

Disability is analogous to features like sexuality, gender, ethnicity, and race.

Disability is a valuable part of human diversity that should be celebrated and preserved.

All of the above.

None of the above.

Answer 5

none of the above

Question 6

According to Menzel, what constitutes a “basic minimum” of healthcare?

Answer 6

Essential services that address fundamental health needs.

Question 7

In “A Fatal Attraction to Normalizing,” Anita Silvers argues that matching the species-typical design is more important than freedom and individual well-being. true or false

Answer 7

false

Question 8

According to Menzel, the fact that hospitals in the U.S. are legally prohibited from turning away the uninsured for emergency care counts in favor of the claim that a right to basic health care is already embedded in U.S. moral culture. true or false

Answer 8

true

Question 9

Which of the following best captures the main argument of Silvers’ article?

Normalizing behaviors and attitudes is essential for social cohesion.

The desire to normalize can lead to harmful consequences for marginalized groups.

Normalization has no significant impact on societal values.

Normalizing is necessary for effective communication.

Answer 9

desire to normalize can lead to harmful consequences for marginalized groups

Question 10

According to Silvers, the restoration of normal mode of function should take priority over the restoration of normal level of functioning. true or false

Answer 10

false

Question 11

The utilitarian purpose behind using quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) is..

to ensure an absolute right to a decent minimum of care.

to care for only those who can pay.

to do the most good with the resources available.

to care for those who are most deserving.

Answer 11

to do most good with resources available

Question 12

Some cases of causing disability can be impermissible on the “mere-difference” view. true or false

Answer 12

true

Question 13

Some argue that quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) are unfair to who

Answer 13

older people and those with disabilities

Question 14

QALYs measure the subjective nature of people’s assessment of the value of their own lives. true or false

Answer 14

false

Question 15

According to Thomson, if one grants that a fetus is a person from the moment of conception, then it follows that abortion is always wrong. true or false

Answer 15

false

Question 16

Glannon argues that inequalities resulting from enhancements above the baseline of normal physical and mental functioning could threaten to undermine the conviction in the fundamental importance of…

superior abilities.

personal wellness.

physical identity.

equality.

Answer 16

equality

Question 17

According to Marquis (“Why Abortion is Immoral”), abortion is morally wrong because

Answer 17

it deprives fetus of valuable future

Question 18

Thomson’s violinist thought experiment (“A Defense of Abortion”) is meant to show that

abortion is always morally permissible.

not everyone has a right to life.

the right to life does not entail the right not to be killed.

everyone has a right to the bare minimum needed to keep them alive.

Answer 18

the right to life does not entail the right to be killed

Question 19

Marquis concludes that abortion is seriously wrong in all cases. true or false

Answer 19

false

Question 20

According to the medical argument against liver transplants for alcoholics, alcoholics should be de-prioritized because

the likelihood of relapse puts the new liver at higher risk of destruction.

their medical condition is the result of immoral behavior.

it would be unfair to prioritize them over non-alcoholics.

All of the above.

Answer 20

likelihood of relapse puts the new liver at higher risk of destruction

Question 21

Glannon claims that genetic enhancement that gives some people an advantage over others in possessing competitive goods would be

Answer 21

beneficial

Question 22

Many people claim that a fetus is a person from the moment of conception. In her paper, Thomson

Answer 22

grants the claim for the sake of argument

Question 23

According to Glannon, control has four components. Which is not one of those components?

Non-coercion

Autonomous choice

Reasonable foreseeability

Desire satisfaction

Answer 23

desire satisfaction

Question 24

Purdy characterizes “optimists” as those who hold that a

child born into a family afflicted with Huntington’s disease has a reasonable chance of living a satisfactory life.

child born into a family afflicted with Huntington’s disease should look on the bright side.

parent of a child with Huntington’s disease may still have a worthwhile life.

parent of a child with Huntington’s disease may still benefit economically.

Answer 24

child born into a family afflicted with Huntingtons disease has a reasonable chance of living a satisfactory life

Question 25

According to the virtue/vice challenge against Glannon, punishing addicts for exercising a vice is

justified because addiction is a vice.

justified because restraint is a virtue.

wrong because we all succumb to vices that jeopardize our health.

wrong because some people can overcome addiction on their own.

Answer 25

wrong bc we all succumb to vices that jeopardize our health

Question 26

According to Marquis (“Why Abortion is Immoral”), any plausible account of what makes killing wrong must appeal to

the effect it has on those who care about the person killed.

the effect it has on the person killed.

the effect it has on the killer.

All of the above.

Answer 26

the effect it has on the person killed

Question 27

Marquis claims that the debate over abortion

has an obvious answer.

has reached a stand-off.

is rationally unresolvable.

has been settled.

Answer 27

stand off

Question 28

According to Thomson, the right to life is a right to

Answer 28

not be killed unjustly

Question 29

Thomson claims that we are morally required to be Minimally Decent Samaritans, but we are not morally required to be Good Samaritans. true or false

Answer 29

true

Question 30

Purdy claims that Huntington’s disease is so bad in part because

children of those afflicted will face a period of anxiety about whether they have the disease.

it precludes the possibility of athletic achievement.

many who are afflicted with it never know it.

it has such a powerful social stigma.

Answer 30

children of those afflicted will face a period of anxiety about whether they have the disease.

Question 31

To be morally responsible is to

Answer 31

be deserving of praise/blame for knowingly performing an action that was within your control

Question 32

According to what Thomson (“A Defense of Abortion”) calls “the extreme view” abortion is morally wrong in all cases except when the mother’s life is in danger. true or false

Answer 32

false

Question 33

Purdy mentions the following reason one may hesitate to have a child

the deteriorating environment.

poverty.

war.

all of the above

Answer 33

all of above

Question 34

Which of the following is motivation for the moral argument against transplants for addicts?

Health care resources are scarce.

There is no link between control and desert in healthcare.

Addiction is a compulsion.

All of the above.

Answer 34

health care resources are scarce

Question 35

Bonnie Steinbock (“The Intentional Termination of Life”) thinks that Rachels makes a mistake when he

claims there is no morally relevant difference between killing and letting die.

claims there is a morally relevant difference between killing and letting die.

identifies “the cessation of life-prolonging treatment” with passive euthanasia.

interprets the AMA as condemning both active and passive euthanasia.

Answer 35

identifies “the cessation of life-prolonging treatment” with passive euthanasia.

Question 36

Sandel (“The Case Against Perfection”) human enhancements are wrong because they violate autonomy. true or false

Answer 36

false

Question 37

Passive euthanasia involves allowing someone to die by not providing them with life-prolonging treatment. true or false

Answer 37

true

Question 38

Sandel (“The Case Against Perfection”) argues that acknowledging the giftedness of life requires recognizing that

we can remake nature.

everything in the world is open to whatever use we might desire.

our talents and powers are not wholly our own doing.

None of the above.

Answer 38

our talents and powers are not wholly our own doing

Question 39

Rachels (“Active and Passive Euthanasia”) uses the Smith/Jones thought experiment in order to show that

there is a morally relevant difference between killing and letting die.

letting die is always worse than killing because killing often causes more suffering.

killing is always worse than letting die because letting die is the same as letting nature take its course.

some cases of letting die are at least as bad as killing.

Answer 39

some cases of letting die are at least as bad as killing

Question 40

According to Enck, the distinction between “having a life” and “being alive” is the same as the distinction between “quality of life” and “quantity of life”. true or false

Answer 40

false

Question 41

Sandel’s case against human enhancements in “The Case Against Perfection” can best be described as a

an application of the ethics of prima facie duty.

an application of Kant’s principle of humanity.

a virtue ethics approach.

a consequentialist approach.

Answer 41

virtue ethics appraoch

Question 42

Bioconservatives are wary of the use of technology to modify human nature because

They believe that valuable features of human life will be lost.

They believe only the rich will benefit from such technologies.

They believe that only parents should be able allowed to use such technologies to modify their children.

All of the above.

Answer 42

They believe that valuable features of human life will be lost

Question 43

Some bioconservatives worry that human enhancement technologies will create a violent division between humans that are enhanced and humans that are unenhanced true or false

Answer 43

true

Question 44

According to Sandel (“The Case Against Perfection”), it would be morally permissible to select your child’s traits so long as the opportunity to do so was available to everyone in society regardless of their socioeconomic status. true or fals e

Answer 44

false

Question 45

How does Bostrom respond to the bioconservative’s worry that the technological alternation of human nature will erode human dignity?

Nature’s gifts aren’t all that great to begin with.

Posthumans need not be undignified if enhancement is driven by enlightened values and if we allow freedom of choice.

There is enough dignity to go around – i.e., it’s not like there won’t be enough for posthumans.

All of the above.

Answer 45

all of the above

Question 46

Sandel (“The Case Against Perfection”) claims that the problem with performance enhancing drugs in sports is that they

Answer 46

obscure the display of natural talents and gifts

Question 47

Bonnie Steinbock (“The Intentional Termination of Life”) claims that the right to refuse treatment implies the right to voluntary euthanasia. true or fals e

Answer 47

false

Question 48

If there is no morally relevant difference between killing and letting die, then

both killing and letting die are morally permissible in some cases.

both killing and letting die are never morally permissible.

if killing is morally permissible, letting die is also morally permissible.

if letting die is morally permissible, then killing is not morally permissible.

Answer 48

if killing is morally permissible, letting die is also morally permissible

Question 49

Once the decision has been made to stop treating a patient who has a painful, inoperable cancer and wants to die, which of the following courses of action would James Rachels consider to be the most morally appropriate (at least given what he says in the article we read, “Active and Passive Euthanasia”)?

doing nothing as the cancer takes its course.

attempting to make the patient as comfortable as possible while the cancer takes its course.

trying to convince the patient and their family to participate in a study of an experimental drug.

taking measures to bring about the patient’s death more quickly.

Answer 49

take measures to being about the patients death more quickly

Question 50

What is Nick Bostrom’s stance on the concept of “posthuman dignity” (“In defense of posthuman dignity”)?

He rejects the notion of posthuman dignity entirely.

He supports the idea that posthuman dignity can be preserved and even improved through technological enhancements.

He believes posthuman dignity should be entirely based on traditional humanistic principles.

He argues that posthuman dignity can never be achieved due to the loss of human essence.

Answer 50

He supports the idea that posthuman dignity can be preserved and even improved through technological enhancements.