Quiz questions Flashcards
What do creative thinkers do?
1) Have self confidence and trust their own judgement
2) Consider rejecting standardized forms of problem solving
3) Have an interest in a wide range of related & divergent fields
4) Take multiple perspectives on a problem
5) Use trial-and-error methods when problem solving
6) Are future-oriented
What is the process of generating something new or original that has value called?
Creativity
What is something that called that is original and has value?
Creation
What are people called that are constantly turning out creative ideas?
Creatives
What does the product of creative effort NOT have to be?
A tangible, physical object
What are the types of creativity?
1) Individual
2) Group / Team
True / False: Never make assumptions about the condition of future factors in the problem situation
False
What are the two distinct thought processes?
1) Divergent
2) Convergent
What is divergent thinking?
Expanding the picture of a problem, looking at it from various points of view, and generating options to solve it
What is convergent thinking?
Narrowing down the problem and related parts of its solution
What are the 3 forms of applied thinking?
1) Decision making
2) Problem solving
3) Creative thinking
What is the difference between problem solving and creative thinking?
Object of problem solving is a solution / answer / conclusion. Outcome of creative thinking is new ideas.
What are the two aspects of the mind?
Information that it can store in memory and what it can do.
How many cells does the brain have?
10k million
What are the 3 main functions of the mind?
1) Analyzing
2) Synthesizing / imagining
3) Valuing
What is analyzing closely related to?
Logical / step-by-step reasoning by breaking down individual parts
What are the 2 main parts of logic?
1) Deduction
2) Induction
What is synthesizing?
Putting / placing things together to make a whole
What does “holistic dimension” mean?
The ability of our minds to think in terms of wholes
Where is the “valuing” function used?
Criticism
Criteria
Evaluating
Appraising
What is the Depth of Mind principle?
The principle that allows us to analyze, synthesize, and value in our sleep, or when we are doing something quite different. This principle is the source of intuition.
What are the five steps of effective decision-making?
1) Defining the objective
2) Collecting relevant info
3) Generating feasible options
4) Making the decision
5) Implementation and evaluation
Discuss step 1 of effective decision-making.
Knowing what you are trying to achieve (the objective)
Discuss step 2 of effective decision-making.
Collecting the information that will help you make you decision
What is information overload syndrome?
Where you become overwhelmed by the massive availability of information
What is the lobster pot model?
Narrowing down choice options, using the principle that it is easier to falsify something than to verify
What 4 things should you consider to help you make a decision in a complex case?
1) List (dis)advantages
2) Examine the consequences of each course of action
3) Test the proposed course against the yardstick of your aim / objective
4) Weigh the risks against the expected gains
What is the difference between a bad and wrong decision?
Bad decision: Something was deliberately ignored
Wrong decision: Fault lies within the method
What are the 2 forms of consequences?
Manifest consequences and latent consequences
What are the 3 elements / variables involving leadership?
1) Leader
2) Situation
3) Group
What is a group personality?
When people come together, their individual personalities merge
What are the 3 needs of all work groups?
1) Task need
2) Team maintenance need
3) Individual needs
What is task need?
Work groups / organizations come together because there is a task too big for one person
What is team maintenance need?
The need to create and promote group cohesiveness
What are individual needs?
Physical (food and shelter) and psychological (recognition, sense of doing something worthwhile, status)
What is action-centered leadership?
A method where the leader completes the role of achieving the task, building / maintaining the team, and developing the individual
What is difference between an effective team member and effective team leader?
Both are responsible for all 3 roles, however the leader has more of a role than commitment to meeting the common needs
What is the planning continuum?
A display that has axes of “area of freedom for team members” and “use of authority by the leader, “ showing an inverse relationship
How should a leader know where to act on the planning continuum?
Consider time available to plan and competence level of team members. The best leaders are consistent.
What is the unified model / bridge model for decision making and problem solving?
Defining the aim / problem (analyzing), generating feasible options (synthesizing), and choosing the optimum course / solution (valuing)
When should you ask questions?
When understanding the problem and towards solving the problem, evaluating the decision, and implementing it
What 3 levels of competence should you develop when involved in making decisions / solving problems?
1) Awareness (of the problem or need for decision)
2) Understanding (where you and the team are in relation to the problem)
3) Skill (asking the right questions of the right people at the right time)
What is a system problem?
A deviation from the norm; actual performance deviates from performance standards
What is the best known and widely used creative thinking technique? When was it introduced?
Brainstorming, it was introduced in the 1930s
What is one major reason why brainstorming is useful?
It frees us from “functional fixedness”; the mind is released to consider other possibilities.
What are the steps to running a brainstorming session?
1) Define the problem
2) Help people understand the problem by highlight the background info / history
3) Clarify the aim in a concise sentence
4) Have a brief warm-up session using a common object / problem
5) Brainstorm and write ideas down. Allow time for silent reflection, discourage criticism, and encourage cross-fertilization of ideas
6) Establish criteria for choosing feasible options and select the best option
7) Reverse brainstorm: how many ways can this idea fail?
What are the steps of the creative thinking process?
1) Preparation
2) Incubation
3) Insight
4) Validation
What are the five reasons for mental roadblocks?
1) Lack of Facts
2) Lack of conviction
3) Lack of a starting point
4) Lack of perspective
5) Lack of motivation
What are the 4 P’s?
1) Product
2) Possibilities
3) Processes
4) Personal / group creativity
What are the benefits of the fishbone diagram?
Studies all parts of a problem
Shows relationships between causes and their relative importances
Starts a logical sequence for solving a problem
Reduces scope of problem and way to solve less complex issues
Keeps focus on problem rather than tangents
What are the benefits of why-why?
Helps problem-solvers explore many more possible causes rather than focusing on a narrow possible cause
Leads to a more thorough analysis than fishbone
More rational layout of problems along traditional lines
What is Hall’s competitiveness model?
Relates “relative low cost” and “relative differentiation”
What is the IDEO creativity process?
1) Observation / information gathering
2) Brainstorming
3) Rapid prototyping
4) Refining / brainstorming is narrowed down
5) Implementation
Humans use no more than what percentage of their brain power?
10%
Discuss step 4 of effective decision making.
Separate into “must,” “should,” and “might”
Discuss step 5 of effective decision making.
Implementation includes monitoring consequences and sensing effects to aid in the next problem solving process you encounter
What is the point of no return?
The point where it costs you more in various coinages to turn back and change your mind than to continue with an imperfect decision
What are 3 key factors in choosing your field of work?
1) Your interests
2) Your aptitudes
3) Relevant factors in your temperment
What results need to be noted when actual and expected effects are compared?
Results that deviate from what is expected
When developing a presentation, what should it be?
Short, brief, and to the point
What is the process of taking a creation and turning it into something that has significant value called?
Innovation
What are the guidelines for brainstorming?
Suspend judgement
Welcome free wheeling
Strive for quantity
Combine and improve
Do not edit
What is the innovation equation?
Creative occurring in an Innovative Organizational Context within a Supportive Societal Environment results in an Innovation
C x IOC x SSE = Innovation
What are all types of innovation classified as?
Product / service
OR
Process
Generating alternatives is partly what 2 things?
Rational and intuitive
What is technique for identifying problems?
Bounce it off of someone
