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Lab Practical Chem 1 LD > Quiz Questions > Flashcards

Quiz Questions Flashcards

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1
Q

Which of the following factors determines whether a solute will dissolve in a solvent?

A

molecular dipoles, molecular geometry, intermolecular forces, electrostatic attraction

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2
Q

What are the strongest intermolecular forces that must be overcome when melting menthol?

A

hydrogen bonding

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3
Q

steps for using a digital balance in the correct order

A
  1. Determine the container to weigh chemicals into: small beaker, weighing paper, or weighing boat
  2. Place the weighing container on the balance pan and press “Tare” or “Zero”
  3. Use a spatula to transfer solid chemical into the container
  4. Close the draft shields and record the mass once the reading has stabilized
  5. Use a brush or paper towel to clean up spills in and around the balance
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4
Q

WHat effect do impurities or solutes have on the melting point of a substance?

A

impurities lower the melting point

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5
Q

when impurities lower the melting point what is the colligative property called

A

freezing point depression

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6
Q

A solution is created when a small amount of ______ dissolves in a larger amount of _______. When a solutions concentration is reported in moles of _____ per liter of solution, the concentration is reported as a _____. When a solution’s concentration is reported in moles of ____ per _____ of solvent, the concentration is reported as a _______

A

solute, solvent, solute, molarity, solute, kilogram, molality

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7
Q

molality equation

A

moles of solute/ kg of solvent

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8
Q

what is the freezing point depression constant folrmula

A

Tf(solvent)- Tf(solution)= Kf x molality

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9
Q

The most probable laboratory emergencies are chemical spills, minor burns and cuts, and fires. Which of the following statements are TRUE about responding to emergencies?

If possible turn off lab equipment before leaving lab for a fire alarm
Stay calm
Know where the stairwells are
All laboratories must have two exits

A

ALL ARE TRUE

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10
Q

Which of the following statements are true

Cinnamic Acid dissolves into melted menthol
Cinnamic acid does not stay dissolved in solid menthol
Cinnamic Acid solidifies when menthol freezes
Menthol dissolves when heated
None of these

A

Cinnamic Acid dissolves into melted menthol
Cinnamic acid does not stay dissolved in solid menthol

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11
Q

how to determine the molar mass of the unknown

A

Temp f (solvent)- Tempf(solution)= kf x ((mass of unknown/molar mass of unknown)/ kg of solvent)

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12
Q

Because the three possible unknowns (cinnamic acid, vanillin and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde) have either carboxylic acid or phenol functional groups, they are all weak acids.

How will this weak acidity affect the freezing point depression?

A

the solution freezing point is lower than it should be

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13
Q

Because the three possible unknowns (cinnamic acid, vanillin and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde) have either carboxylic acid or phenol functional groups, they are all weak acids.

What is the source of this effect?

A

more particles are in solution because of dissociation

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14
Q

Because the three possible unknowns (cinnamic acid, vanillin and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde) have either carboxylic acid or phenol functional groups, they are all weak acids.

How will the calculated molecular mass differ from the actual value?

A

The calculated molecular mass is lower

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15
Q

Open Odyssey, go to the Miscellaneous tab, find the Solutions section and click on M I2 Molarity vs Molality. Follow the instructions on the screen and click on all the available buttons.

Why is molality used instead of molarity in this project?

A

Volume changes with temperature

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16
Q

Open Odyssey, go to the Miscellaneous tab, find the Solutions section and click on M I2 Molarity vs Molality. Follow the instructions on the screen and click on all the available buttons.

Under what conditions are the values of molarity and molality very different?

A

high concentrations

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17
Q

Open Odyssey, go to the Miscellaneous tab, find the Solutions section and click on M I2 Molarity vs Molality. Follow the instructions on the screen and click on all the available buttons.

Which value is higher?

A

molality

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18
Q

Which of the following common household products contain flammable chemicals?

A

gasoline, rubbing alcohol, nail polish remover, antifreeze

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19
Q

which of the following are ways to stop a fire?

A

remove ignition sources, place a beaker over a small flame to remove oxygen, ground metal container to prevent static electricity, limit quantities of flammable substances in work area

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20
Q

Which of the following statements are true about flammability?

A

Inflammable is another word for flammable
A fire cannot start above or below a vapor’s flammability limits

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21
Q

The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) diamond has a [A] section for flammability. If the number [B] appears in this section, the chemical is extremely flammable. If the number [C] appears in this section, the chemical is a combustible, it will catch fire when heated. The Global Harmonized System (GHS) symbol is a picture of a [D]. If the hazard category is [E], the chemical is extremely flammable. If the hazard category is [F], the chemical is combustible.

A

red, 4, 2, fire, HC1,HC4

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22
Q

A mixture of acetone and heptane is used in this project to create the TLC eluent. Only a small amount of liquid
(2−3mL)is needed for the development chamber, so the volume to volume ratios of heptane to acetone must be converted to reasonable quantities so that excess waste is not created. If the total volume is 2−3mL fill in the table to show how much of each chemical is needed to make the ratio.
Heptane : Acetone Ratio of 1:1
Heptane : Acetone Ratio of 1:2
Heptane : Acetone Ratio of 2:1
Heptane : Acetone Ratio of 3:2

A

1 mL Heptane : 1mL Acetone
1 mL Heptane : 2mL Acetone
2 mL Heptane : 1mL Acetone
1.5 mL Heptane : 1mL Acetone

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23
Q

A mixture of acetone and heptane is used in this project to create the TLC eluent. Only a small amount of liquid
(2−3mL)is needed for the development chamber, so the volume to volume ratios of heptane to acetone must be converted to reasonable quantities so that excess waste is not created. If the total volume is 2−3mL fill in the table to show how much of each chemical is needed to make the ratio.

The ratio between the solvents should be reasonably precise, but not as precise as when making standard solutions for a Beer’s Law plot. What is the best piece of glassware to measure out the above volumes?

A

graduated cylinder

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24
Q

Order the steps for preparing and developing a TLC plate.

A
  1. With a pencil, draw a baseline
  2. Use a capillary to deliver 1-2 drops of concentrated analyte solution
  3. Allow the analyte spots to dry
  4. Place plate in TLC chamber so that it doesnt touch the filter paper
  5. Cap TLC chamber
  6. Remove plate before solvent front reaches the top of the plate
  7. Mark the solvent front
  8. Measure distances to calculate Rf values
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25
Q

when looking at a TLC which compound is more polar?

A

the compound that moves the least

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26
Q

which compound is most attracted to the eluent

A

the compound that moves the most/ is closest to the solvent front

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27
Q

Match the TLC issue with the cause.

All the analyte spots are in the upper region of the TLC plate & close together

A

the eluent was too polar

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28
Q

Match the TLC issue with the cause.

Analyte spots moved up the plate diagonally instead of vertically

A

The TLC plate was touching the filter paper wick

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29
Q

Match the TLC issue with the cause.

While spotting the analyte spot became too large

A

The TLC plate was not allowed to dry between drops

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30
Q

Match the TLC issue with the cause.

Rf values differ for 2 identically spotted plates from the same developing chamber containing 2:1 acetone:heptane eluent

A

The developing chamber is not capped resulting in evaporation

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31
Q

Which of the following are true statements about fume hoods? (Select all that apply)

A

the window on the front of the fume hood is called a sash

a tissue paper held at the bottom of a sash should blow into the hood

All work should be done at least 6 inches inside the hood

room air should be drawn into the fume hood

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32
Q

PEL?

A

permissible exposure limit

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33
Q

odor threshold

A

gas concentration that 50% of the population can detect

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34
Q

odor fatigue

A

decreased sensitivity to odor over time

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35
Q

IDLH?

A

immediate dangerous to life and health

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36
Q

OEL?

A

occupational exposure limits

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37
Q

How can you tell if a chemical is hazardous after you smell it? Which of these chemicals will you smell after it becomes hazardous?

A

basically PEL has to be lower than odor threshold

hexane: 50 ppm (PEL), 130 ppm(odor threshold)

dichloromethane: 25ppm (PEL), 130 ppm(odor threshold)

methanol: 200ppm (PEL), 5900ppm (odor threshold)

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38
Q

what is the major underlying principle of chromatography?

A

separation will be achieved if one component adheres to the stationary phase more than the other component does

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39
Q

A student dissolved a product in acetone and spotted on a silica TLC plate to determine the purity of the product. A 2:1 mixture of heptane:acetone was placed in the developing chamber.

a) In this setup, silica is the:

A

stationary phase

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40
Q

A student dissolved a product in acetone and spotted on a silica TLC plate to determine the purity of the product. A 2:1 mixture of heptane:acetone was placed in the developing chamber.

b) The heptane/acetone mixture is the: (select all that apply)

A

mobile phase
eluent

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41
Q

you have a tlc where the standard C does move from the baseline

why didn’t C move from the baseline

A

C is strongly absorbed to the silica bc of its polarity

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42
Q

which of the following statements are true about the permanganate?

A

most of the plate turns pink because unreacted permanganate is pink

if a compound has a double binds its TLC spots turn yellow

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43
Q

Odyssey data:
Carvone dipole moment is 4.1
Dihydrocarveol dipole 2.1
Limonene: 0.2

Which compound will travel the furthest up the TLC plate?

A

limonene bc its the most nonpolar

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44
Q

The compound that travels the furthest up the TLC plate will have the ________ Rf Value

A

largest

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45
Q

Odyssey data:
Carvone dipole moment is 4.1
Dihydrocarveol dipole 2.1
Limonene: 0.2

c) View the electrostatic potential maps of each molecule by clicking on the
icon. Which molecule has the least amount of red and blue coloring?

A

limonene- bc its most nonpolar aka least polar

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46
Q

Odyssey data:
Carvone dipole moment is 4.1
Dihydrocarveol dipole 2.1
Limonene: 0.2

Do the dipoles in Odyssey correctly predict the Rf values of the other two compounds?

A

No, dihydrocarveol’s dipole should be larger

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47
Q

which statement about gloves is true?

A

no glove material protects against all chemicals

gloves should be removed when they come into contact with any hazardous chemicals

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48
Q

permeation

A

ability of a chemical to penetrate the glove material through small pores

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49
Q

degradation

A

destructive change in the glove material

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50
Q

breakthrough time

A

time for the first appearance of a chemical on the other side of the glove

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51
Q

rate of transfer

A

speed at which a chemical appears on the other side of the glove

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52
Q

which of the following are true about lab coats

A

sleeves should never be rolled up
Lab coats should never be worn outside of lab

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53
Q

nitrile gloves are used in general and organic chemistry laboratory. which of the following statements are TRUE about nitrile gloves

A

nitrile gloves protect well against an aliphatic hydrocarbons like heptane and limonene

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54
Q

Which of the following guidlines should be followed to protect your skin in the chemistry laboratory

A

use gloves when appropriate to do so
wear clothing that covers most of your body
wear a lab coat
wear sturdy closed toed and heel shoes

55
Q

Order the steps if vacuum( or suction) filtration

A
  1. place thr Buchner funnel in a sied arm filter flask and attach the filter fask to the hose coming from the vacuum
  2. place the unfolded circular filter paper into the funnel and wet it with solvent
  3. open the vacuum valve on the fume hood or turn on the vacuum aspirator
  4. pour mixture into the funnel
  5. use a spatula to transfer solids to the funnel
  6. Rinse beaker that contained the mixture and spatula three times, add rinsings to the funnel
  7. close vacuum valve or turn off water aspirator before removing hose from the side arm flask
56
Q

Place the steps listed below for using a Digi-Melt in Order

A
  1. Turn on the Digi-Melt
  2. Set starting temperature
  3. Set the stop temperature
  4. set the rate at which temperature should ramp up
  5. add solid to capillary tube
  6. Tap solid to bottom of capillary tube
  7. place filled capillary into top slots
  8. Press start/stop to start heating
  9. Watch sample for melting through eye piece
  10. record melting range
  11. press start/stop to end heating
57
Q

Order the steps listed below in the proper order for taking an absorbance spectrum

A
  1. prepare a blank by filling a cuvette with solvent
  2. wipe outside of blank cuvette with tissue
  3. calibrate spectrometer with blank
  4. pre-rinse cuvette with a small portion of solution
  5. fill cuvette with solution
  6. wipe outside of solution cuvette with tissue
  7. place cuvette in spectrometer, push play and then stop
  8. dilute initial solution if absorbance is too high pr top of spectra is ragged or flatlines at the top. Repeat procedure
  9. Attach file to ELN
58
Q

acute toxicity

A

ability of a chemical to do damage with a single dose

59
Q

chronic toxicity

A

ability of a chemical to do damage after multiple doses

60
Q

LC 50

A

lethal concentration that 50% of a population dies

61
Q

LD50

A

lethal dose that kills 50% of a population

62
Q

toxicant

A

chemical producing toxic effects

63
Q

toxicity

A

ability of a chemical to damage an organ

64
Q

toxicology

A

study adverse effects of chemicals

65
Q

toxin

A

toxic substance made by plant, animal, fungi or bacterium

66
Q

Which of the following statements are TRUE about the factors influencing toxicity?

A

animal models may not be a good representation of human response

the dose makes the poison

the very young and old are most susceptible to toxic effects

67
Q

Acetaminophen (tylenol) fate in the human body

A

metabolized and removed by the liver

68
Q

DDT fate in the human body

A

bioaccumulation- stored in fat

69
Q

Ethylene glycol fate in the body

A

metabolized to calcium oxalate- forms crystals in kidneys

70
Q

sensitizer?

A

formaldehyde

71
Q

asphyxiant?

A

carbon monoxide

72
Q

teratogen?

A

acrylonitrile

73
Q

carcinogen?

A

benzene

74
Q

organ toxiant?

A

ethanol

75
Q

neurotoxin?

A

acetone

76
Q

poison?

A

cyanide

77
Q

If a solid does not melt when placed in a capillary in a Digi-Melt, which of the following assumptions may be true

A

the Digi-melt doesn’t go up to a high enough temperature to melt the solid
The digi-melti is broken

78
Q

there are three TLC plates the 1st one has three spots very close to the solvent front, the second as all three spots equally distance away from each other, the third has all three spots close to the baseline

which plate demonstrates the best separation of the mixture

A

2

79
Q

there are three TLC plates the 1st one has three spots very close to the solvent front, the second as all three spots equally distance away from each other, the third has all three spots close to the baseline

Which eluent mixture was the molar polar?

A

1

80
Q

there are three TLC plates the 1st one has three spots very close to the solvent front, the second as all three spots equally distance away from each other, the third has all three spots close to the baseline

Which eluent mixture has an intermediate polarity in comparison to the other two mixtures

A

2

81
Q

Which of the following results indicates the product of the synthesis is vanillic acid? Note: The actual result may or may not be vanillic acid.

A

Rf from TLC is same as vanillic acid TLC from FS

solid is soluble in water

82
Q

KNOW reduction half reaction and oxidation half reaction between vanillin/divanillin and hydrogen peroxide

A

know that the reduction half reactions are the same but the oxidation half difffers

83
Q

what is the role of vanillin

A

limiting reagent

84
Q

What is the role of acetic acid?

A

source of H+ for redox balance

85
Q

What is the role of hydrogen peroxide?

A

oxidizing agent

86
Q

What is the role of horeradish peroxidase?

A

catalyst

87
Q

A student combined the following and stirred the solution for 10 minutes:

1.031 g of vanillin
2.20 mL 0.010 M acetic acid
9.0 mg horseradish peroxidase
7.5 mL of 3% H2O2

The precipitate which formed was collected by vacuum filtration and dried in the oven. Once the solid reached room temperature it is massed.

Answers should have the correct number of significant figures.

What is the theoretical yield (in grams) of: vanillin AND divanillin

A

VA: 1.139
DIV: 1.024

88
Q

A student combined the following and stirred the solution for 10 minutes:

1.031 g of vanillin
2.20 mL 0.010 M acetic acid
9.0 mg horseradish peroxidase
7.5 mL of 3% H2O2

The precipitate which formed was collected by vacuum filtration and dried in the oven. Once the solid reached room temperature it is massed.

If 0.856 g of product is collected, what is the percent yield of:

A

VA: 75.1%
DIV: 83.6%

89
Q

If the mass of the product is 1.374 g, the product is (more than one answer might be correct):
theoretical is (1.139 or 1.024)

A

wet and needs to be dried further in the oven
wet and needs to be dried further in the Buchner funnel
more than the theoretical

90
Q

hazard?

A

potential source of danger

91
Q

risk?

A

probability of suffering harm?

92
Q

risk level?

A

hazard severity times exposure limit

93
Q

risk assesment?

A

identification of sources of danger and probability of harm

94
Q

risk management?

A

wearing personal protective equipment, avoiding spark sources, using smaller amounts

95
Q

what are the factors that affect the probability of a lab accident?

A

how chemicals are used?
how other people behave?
how the physical environment is controlled?

96
Q

which of the following must be assessed to reduce the probability of expose to a hazard

A

amount of chemical used, containment of chemicals, personal knowledge of chemicals, routes of exposure, type of personal protective equipment needed

97
Q

While pouring 1 M of an aqueous potassium permanganate solution from a 1L reagent bottle, a student’s hand slipped and the bottle fell and broke open. A small amount of solution splashed onto the student’s eyes. The solution also spilled across the bench top and dripped down to create a pool on the floor.

a) If no safety precautions are followed the severity of the hazard is:

A

moderate

98
Q

While pouring 1 M of an aqueous potassium permanganate solution from a 1L reagent bottle, a student’s hand slipped and the bottle fell and broke open. A small amount of solution splashed onto the student’s eyes. The solution also spilled across the bench top and dripped down to create a pool on the floor.

b) The probability of the event happening is:

A

possible

99
Q

While pouring 1 M of an aqueous potassium permanganate solution from a 1L reagent bottle, a student’s hand slipped and the bottle fell and broke open. A small amount of solution splashed onto the student’s eyes. The solution also spilled across the bench top and dripped down to create a pool on the floor.

c) This leads to a risk level that is:

A

medium

100
Q

While pouring 1 M of an aqueous potassium permanganate solution from a 1L reagent bottle, a student’s hand slipped and the bottle fell and broke open. A small amount of solution splashed onto the student’s eyes. The solution also spilled across the bench top and dripped down to create a pool on the floor.

d) Which measure should be taken to manage the risk?

A

all of the above
( know what to do if a chemical gets in the eyes,
know what to do if spill occurs,
wear goggles)

101
Q

What happens after the crystallization process shown below in the Fundamental Skills section of the cinnamon project? Select all that apply.

A

the crystals are collected by vacuum filtration
the mass and melting point is recorded

102
Q

What volume (in milliliters) of
acetophenone is needed to synthesize a sunscreen with 0.30 mL of cinnamaldehyde?

A

0.29 mL

103
Q

What is the theoretical yield (in grams) of the sunscreen created from 0.30 mL of cinnamaldehyde and
acetophenone?

A

0.56

104
Q

What volume (in milliters) of
acetone is needed to synthesize a sunscreen with 0.30 mL of cinnamaldehyde?

​

A

0.0876mL

105
Q

What is the theoretical yield (in grams) of the sunscreen created from 0.30 mL of cinnamaldehyde and
acetone?

A

0.34 g

106
Q

What is the percent yield is 0.29 g of the sunscreen is collected from the reaction of 0.50 mL of cinnamaldehyde and acetone?

A

51.1%

107
Q

Which of the following would help you determine the severity of a hazard?

A

NFPA fire ratings, GHS symbols, PELs, lethal dose 50 values, chemical amount used

108
Q

zero risk?

A

no hazard present

109
Q

balancing ?

A

risk allowed increases with benefit of chemical use

110
Q

technology-based?

A

exposure level is set to level it can be reduce to

111
Q

eye hazards?

A

cause irreversible damage to cornea or iris

112
Q

sensitizers?

A

cause hypersensitivity to lungs or skin

113
Q

mutagens?

A

produce genetic defects

114
Q

carcinogens?

A

cause cancer or presumed to cause cancer in humans

115
Q

reproductive toxicants ?

A

cause birth defects

116
Q

target organ toxicants?

A

cause damage to certain organs, affecting their ability to carry out normal functions

117
Q

aspiration hazards?`

A

can be fatal if swallowed or inhaled

118
Q

acute toxicants?

A

are fatal if exposed to the smallest amount

119
Q

corrosives?

A

causes serve skin burns and eyes damage

120
Q

Quiz 4 Session #1 Question 6 MUST MEMORIZE

A
121
Q

Heptane and hexane have many similar chemical properties and hexane could be used in place of heptane for the TLC procedure. Why is heptane used for the TLC process instead of hexane?

a) hexane has more GHS pictograms
b) Hexane is a reproductie toxicant, heptane is not
c) hexane has a high vapor below room temperature
d) hexane’s flash point is at a lower temperature than heptane’s
e) three of these
f) all of these

A

E) THREE OF THESES

122
Q

Which of the following characteristics would make a good sunscreen? (select all that apply.)

A

melting point value,
broad absorbance of ultraviolet light
ambient reaction conditions (little to no heat or pressure needed)
color and feel
high percent yield
low hazard starting materials

123
Q

filtration materials?

A

filtrate
vacuum
buchner funnel

124
Q

TLC materials?

A

eluent, silica plates, solvent front

125
Q

crystallization materials?

A

temperature dependent solubility, no agitation

126
Q

Match the separation process to the type of mixture being separated.

Filtration:

A

heterogeneous mixture

127
Q

Match the separation process to the type of mixture being separated.

TLC:

A

mixture with components of different polarities

128
Q

Match the separation process to the type of mixture being separated.

Crystallization :

A

products with impurities

129
Q

Match the separation process to the project it could be used in:

Project #2 (Essential Oil):

A

TLC

130
Q

Match the separation process to the project it could be used in:

Project #3 (Vanilla):

A

filtration and TLC

131
Q

Match the separation process to the project it could be used in:

Project #4 (Cinnamon):

A

filtration, TLC, crystalization

132
Q

Which of the following statements apply to green chemistry? (Select all that apply.)

A

methods used to eliminate hazards in during chemical use and manufacturing

high yield reactions are desirable

recycle reagents and solvents

choose reactions that can be done at room temperature and pressure

use less hazardous reagents

133
Q

Which of the following statements about the chemicals or processes in Chem 1LD follow the principles of green chemistry? (Select all that apply.)

A

use of starting reagents (eugenol, vanillin, cinnamaldehdye) from renewable feedstocks

sunscreen synthesis did not require heat

134
Q

Calculate the atom economy of reaction between cinnamaldehyde and acetophenone in project 2. (See Figure 2). Report your answer with 2 significant figures.

A

93%

Lab Practical Chem 1 LD (2 decks)

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