Quiz Questions

Question 1

Which of the following statements is correct?
- skeletal muscle = unstriated, voluntary muscle
- cardiac muscle = striated, involuntary muscle
- smooth muscle = striated, voluntary muscle
- all above are correct

Answer 1

cardiac muscle = striated, involuntary muscle

Question 2

Skeletal muscle cells are usually called _______.

Answer 2

skeletal muscle fibers

Question 3

Skeletal muscle cells differ from typical cells in that these muscle cells ____________

Answer 3

have many nuclei.

Question 4

Cardiac muscles differ from skeletal muscles in that
- cardiac muscle cell has only one nucleus, whereas skeletal muscle cell has many nuclei
- cardiac muscle cell often have branches, whereas skeletal muscle cell has no branches
- cardiac muscle cells are connected end-to-end bu the intercalated disks, whereas skeletal muscle cells do not connect to each other
- all above are correct

Answer 4

All above are correct

Question 5

The dense bodies are found in ___________.

Answer 5

smooth muscle cells.

Question 6

What best describes the classification of hormones based on their chemical structure?

Answer 6

peptide, steroid, and amino acid derived

Question 7

What hormone classification is characterized by hormones that are derived from cholesterol?

Answer 7

steroid hormones

Question 8

T/F amine hormones are freely transported in the bloodstream (hydrophilic) and therefore are unable to penetrate the target cell

Answer 8

True

Question 9

What is the function of the hypothalamus?

Answer 9

releases corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH)

Question 10

What is the function of the anterior pituitary gland? (adenohypophysis)

Answer 10

secretes adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 11

What is the functions of the posterior pituitary gland (neurohypophysis)

Answer 11

releases oxytocin and ADH

Question 12

What is the function of the adrenal medulla?

Answer 12

produced catecholamines such as adrenaline and noradrenaline

Question 13

Which hormone stimulates the release of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) from the anterior pituitary gland in response to low levels of thyroid hormones in the bloodstream?

Answer 13

Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH)

Question 14

What is the correct order of the oxytocin (OXT) releasing cascade?

Answer 14

1. udder mechanoreceptors (suckling stimuli)
2. OXT release in hypothalamus
3. OXT release in neurohypophysis
4. myoepithelial cell contraction
5. teat canal

Question 15

Decreased levels of T3 and T4 in blood, associated to a homeostasis disturbance can be classified as ____________

Answer 15

hypothyroidism

Question 16

What is the function of the hypothalamus?

Answer 16

synthesis and secretion of TRH

Question 17

What is the function of the adenohypophysis?

Answer 17

synthesis and secretion of TSH

Question 18

What is the function of the thyroid gland?

Answer 18

Synthesis and secretion of T3/T4

Question 19

What is the function of the mitochondria cell receptor?

Answer 19

thyroxin

Question 20

Which hormone is typically elevated in individuals with Cushing’s disease?

Answer 20

cortisol

Question 21

How does blood pressure typically affect the levels of aldosterone in the body?

Answer 21

lower blood pressure leads to an increase in aldosterone levels

Question 22

In which situation is insulin secretion expected to increase?

Answer 22

after a meal rich in carbohydrates

Question 23

What is responsible for the storage and release of calcium ions during muscle contraction?

Answer 23

sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 24

What molecule blocks the myosin-binding sites on actin molecules in relaxed muscle?

Answer 24

tropomyosin

Question 25

The sliding filament theory describes muscle contraction as the:

Answer 25

thick and thin filaments sliding past each other and overlapping more

Question 26

What structure directly connects the sarcolemma to the sarcoplasmic reticulum in skeletal muscle fibers?

Answer 26

t-tubules

Question 27

What best describes the role of ATP in muscle contraction?

Answer 27

it hydrolyzes to provide energy for the power stroke of myosin heads

Question 28

T/F A graded potential is responsible for the exocytosis of ACh into the synaptic cleft at the motor end plate, allowing the release of calcium ions at the triads

Answer 28

False

Question 29

T/F Rigor mortis is the stiffening of muscles that occurs after death due to the depletion of ATP, which is needed to release the cross-bridges between actin and myosin filaments in muscle cells

Answer 29

True

Question 30

__________________ is a polysaccharide composed of glucose molecules and serves as a storage form of glucose in animals, particularly in liver and muscle cells

Answer 30

glycogen

Question 31

Describe a sarcomere

Answer 31

the functional unit of a muscle fiber, consisting of overlapping actin and myosin filaments

Question 32

Describe a motor unit

Answer 32

a single motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates

Question 33

Describe a neuromuscular junction

Answer 33

the point of contact between a motor neuron and muscle fiber

Question 34

Describe a twitch

Answer 34

A brief contraction of a muscle fiber in response to a single action potential

Question 35

Describe tetanus

Answer 35

A sustained contraction of a muscle fiber resulting from rapid stimulation of motor neurons

Question 36

Which type of muscle fiber is characterized by a high resistance to fatigue and is rich in mitochondria and myoglobin?

Answer 36

Type I (red fibers)

Question 37

The anaerobic metabolism results in the production of _____1_____ and pyruvate. It is characterized by a rapid rate of ATP production but generates _____2_______ as a consequence, leading to muscle fatigue.

Answer 37

1. ATP
2. Lactic acid