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227: Animal Nutrition > Quiz Questions > Flashcards

Quiz Questions Flashcards

1
Q

What do animals obtain energy from?

A

Plants

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2
Q

What factors does gross energy not take into account?

A

Energy lost through the urine
Energy lost through the feces
Energy used for digestion

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3
Q

What method is most accurate for determining ME (Metabolizable energy) of a food?

A

Feeding trial

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4
Q

What happens to excess energy consumed above energy needs?

A

Deposited into adipose cells for storage

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5
Q

How many calories does water contribute to the diet?

A

0

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6
Q

Water is integral for what process(es)?

A

Elimination
Transport
Digestion

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7
Q

The majority of water enters the body in what way?

A

Voluntary oral intake

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8
Q

What is the primary purpose of carbohydrates in the body?

A

Provide energy

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9
Q

What effect can be seen in a cat consuming a high carbohydrate diet?

A

GI distress

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10
Q

Stored fat found under the skin is termed what?

A

Subcutaneous fat

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11
Q

What determines whether a lipid is a fat or an oil?

A

The physical state at room temperature

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12
Q

Which family of omega EFAs are essential?

A

Omega 3

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13
Q

Which EFA is essential for cats but not dogs?

A

Arachidonic acid

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14
Q

The skin is unable to convert which EFA into arachidonic acid?

A

Linoleic acid

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15
Q

The base unit for a protein is ________

A

Amino acids

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16
Q

Complex proteins can be found in what areas of the body?

A

Muscle tissue
Vessel walls
Plasma albumin

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17
Q

Quality of proteins in the diet is determined by what?

A

Digestibility

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18
Q

Protein quality is expressed using what method?

A

Chemical score or biologic value

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19
Q

How does colostrum differ from regular milk?

A

Lower water content, higher protein content

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20
Q

Why is cow’s milk not an appropriate substitute for bitch or queen milk?

A

Nutrient density is too low, lactose level is too high

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21
Q

How is digestion in neonates affected by hypothermia?

A

Suckling reflex and digestion are decreased

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22
Q

Milk replacers should follow which AAFCO nutrient profile?

A

There isn’t a nutrient profile for milk replacers

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23
Q

Behavioral weaning is complete after what age?

A

8 weeks

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24
Q

What is the function of vitamins in the body?

A

Enzymes, coenzymes and enzyme precursors

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25
Q

Toxicity is most likely to occur with which vitamin(s)?

A

Vitamin A

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26
Q

Deficiency of vitamin D also results in what other deficiencies/imbalances?

A

Calcium and Phosphorous

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27
Q

Why are the B complex vitamins grouped together?

A

They have similar metabolic functions and occurrences in foods

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28
Q

Since carotenoids require bile salts for absorption and digestion, they would be classified as what?

A

Fat soluble

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29
Q

Macronutrients can be used by the body to produce energy. They include all of the following except:
A. vitamins
B. carbohydrates
C. proteins
D. fats

A

A. Vitamins

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30
Q

___________________must be consumed regularly because it cannot be stored in the body if in excess.

A

Protein

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31
Q

What cannot be synthesized in the bodies of dogs or cats?

A

Essential fatty acids

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32
Q

Excess glucose is stored in the liver and muscle tissue as _________, which can be quickly metabolized when needed or converted to fat for long-term storage.

A

Glycogen

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33
Q

Minerals are classified as macrominerals vs. microminerals based on what?

A

The amount required in the diet

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34
Q

When estimating how much to feed a hospitalized adult animal patient you should calculate what?

A

The RER (Resting energy requirement)

35
Q

The amino acid Taurine is important to consider when reviewing a pets diet for what reason?

A

It is required in the diet for cats but not for dogs

36
Q

Dogs and cats do not have the same fat metabolism or tendency to get atherosclerosis as people, so there is no risk associated with feeding them ___________ (animal origin) fats

A

Saturated

37
Q

It is important that cats be fed foods with animal proteins since what acid is essential for cats?

A

Arachidonic acid

38
Q

All of the following are characteristics of vitamins except one. Which is not associated with a vitamin?
A. They can be synthesized by animals
B.They maintain metabolic processes
C. They are inorganic molecules
D. Requirements are species-specific

A

C. They are inorganic molecules

39
Q

What was the first type of pet food manufactured?

A

Dry biscuits

40
Q

Which agency is responsible for regulating kennels and catteries?

A

USDA

41
Q

Which agency ensures uniformity of labeling and nutritional adequacy statements?

A

AAFCO

42
Q

Which agency regulates any health claims on pet food labels?

A

FDA

43
Q

What is the maximum amount of moisture that is allowed in pet foods unless they are specially labeled as sauces, gravies, juices or milk replacers?

A

78%

44
Q

A food that is labeled as ‘complete and balanced’ is suitable for which life stage?

A

All life stages

45
Q

What part of the label is designed to attract the consumer’s attention?

A

Principal display panel

46
Q

How are ingredients listed on pet food containers?

A

By weight, with the heaviest listed first

47
Q

How is splitting of ingredients advantageous for the manufacturer?

A

It allows less desirable ingredients to be listed farther down the list

48
Q

What is a major problem with calculating nutrient values using a chart?

A
  1. Actual digestibility is not measured.
  2. The chart represents averages and may not reflect the actual ingredient
  3. Nutrient loss through processing and storage is not accounted for
49
Q

Proximate analysis looks at what nutrients?

A

Protein, fat, water and carbohydrates

50
Q

What can be seen in an animal consuming a food with lower digestibility?

A

Increased fecal volume and looser consistency

51
Q

Which food has the highest moisture content?
A. Raw
B. Kibble
C. Semi moist
D. Moist

A

D. Moist/Wet

52
Q

Which nutrient level is most affected by prolonged storage of processed foods?

A

Fats

53
Q

An advantage of feeding a raw food diet would be what?

A

Increased coat health

54
Q

What is the primary reason owners buy snacks and treats?

A

To show love and affection

55
Q

What bacterial contamination has been associated with feeding of raw food diets?

A

Escherichia coli
Salmonella
Yersinia

56
Q

If owners are feeding a raw food diet, how often should veterinary rechecks be scheduled to monitor for any problems?

A

Every 3-6 months

57
Q

Who is responsible for ensuring that a food is free of contaminations?

A

The manufacturer

58
Q

Artificial colors are added to some pet foods for what reason?

A

To increase consumer appeal

59
Q

What would be an example of a common imbalance found in homemade diets not formulated by a veterinary nutritionist?

A

Insufficient protein levels

60
Q

Road kill would be an acceptable substitute in a homemade diet – after all, animals are designed to eat fresh meat.

True or False?

A

FALSE

61
Q

When treating an animal for food related bacterial poisoning, why are antibiotics not always effective?

A

The enterotoxins produced by the bacteria are not affected by antibiotic use

62
Q

Diet drift is what phenomenon?

A

The client substitutes ingredients resulting in an imbalance in the diet

63
Q

How often should an animal being fed a homemade diet be evaluated by their veterinary team?

A

Every 6 months

64
Q

Portion-controlled feeding is helpful in managing what condition/situation?

A

Obesity

65
Q

The average field mouse contains how many calories when consumed whole?

A

30

66
Q

Cats have evolved to eat how many times/day?

A

9-16

67
Q

Problems associated with obesity in the bitch prior to pregnancy include what?

A

Dystocia

68
Q

The greatest increase in energy requirements occurs during which phase of pregnancy?

A

The third trimester

69
Q

Which nutrient is most important during lactation?

A

Water

70
Q

What is the ideal age to breed a cat?

A

1.5-7 years

71
Q

DHA, in dogs, is required for development of what?

A

Brain, retina, and auditory

72
Q

The most rapid period of growth for dogs occurs during what period of life?

A

0-6 months

73
Q

AAFCO recommendations for optimal protein levels in puppy food are what percentage?

A

25-29% ME

74
Q

The most rapid period of growth for cats occurs during what period of life?

A

3-6 months

75
Q

Skeletal maturity occurs by what age in cats?

A

10-12 months

76
Q

DHA is synthesized from what fatty acid?

A

Alpha-linolenic

77
Q

Lactose intolerance is an example of mal-digestion of what class of nutrients?

A

Carbohydrates

78
Q

The maximum amount of calories provided daily by snacks should be what percentage?

A

10%

79
Q

Diarrhea or vomiting secondary to a diet change is an indicator of what?

A

Lack of appropriate digestive enzymes in the GI tract

80
Q

How much more common is obesity in neutered dogs than intact dogs?

A

2 times

81
Q

Which type of diet would provide the highest water intake?

A

Canned

82
Q

Who sets the testing requirements for feeding trials?

A

AAFCO

83
Q

Preservatives are designed to protect breakdown of what nutrient?

A

Fats

84
Q

If a client wants to avoid feeding preservatives or antioxidants what do you recommend?

A

That they feed canned food diets as canning acts as a preservative on its own

227: Animal Nutrition (2 decks)

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