Quiz Questions Flashcards
What do animals obtain energy from?
Plants
What factors does gross energy not take into account?
Energy lost through the urine
Energy lost through the feces
Energy used for digestion
What method is most accurate for determining ME (Metabolizable energy) of a food?
Feeding trial
What happens to excess energy consumed above energy needs?
Deposited into adipose cells for storage
How many calories does water contribute to the diet?
0
Water is integral for what process(es)?
Elimination
Transport
Digestion
The majority of water enters the body in what way?
Voluntary oral intake
What is the primary purpose of carbohydrates in the body?
Provide energy
What effect can be seen in a cat consuming a high carbohydrate diet?
GI distress
Stored fat found under the skin is termed what?
Subcutaneous fat
What determines whether a lipid is a fat or an oil?
The physical state at room temperature
Which family of omega EFAs are essential?
Omega 3
Which EFA is essential for cats but not dogs?
Arachidonic acid
The skin is unable to convert which EFA into arachidonic acid?
Linoleic acid
The base unit for a protein is ________
Amino acids
Complex proteins can be found in what areas of the body?
Muscle tissue
Vessel walls
Plasma albumin
Quality of proteins in the diet is determined by what?
Digestibility
Protein quality is expressed using what method?
Chemical score or biologic value
How does colostrum differ from regular milk?
Lower water content, higher protein content
Why is cow’s milk not an appropriate substitute for bitch or queen milk?
Nutrient density is too low, lactose level is too high
How is digestion in neonates affected by hypothermia?
Suckling reflex and digestion are decreased
Milk replacers should follow which AAFCO nutrient profile?
There isn’t a nutrient profile for milk replacers
Behavioral weaning is complete after what age?
8 weeks
What is the function of vitamins in the body?
Enzymes, coenzymes and enzyme precursors
Toxicity is most likely to occur with which vitamin(s)?
Vitamin A
Deficiency of vitamin D also results in what other deficiencies/imbalances?
Calcium and Phosphorous
Why are the B complex vitamins grouped together?
They have similar metabolic functions and occurrences in foods
Since carotenoids require bile salts for absorption and digestion, they would be classified as what?
Fat soluble
Macronutrients can be used by the body to produce energy. They include all of the following except:
A. vitamins
B. carbohydrates
C. proteins
D. fats
A. Vitamins
___________________must be consumed regularly because it cannot be stored in the body if in excess.
Protein
What cannot be synthesized in the bodies of dogs or cats?
Essential fatty acids
Excess glucose is stored in the liver and muscle tissue as _________, which can be quickly metabolized when needed or converted to fat for long-term storage.
Glycogen
Minerals are classified as macrominerals vs. microminerals based on what?
The amount required in the diet
When estimating how much to feed a hospitalized adult animal patient you should calculate what?
The RER (Resting energy requirement)
The amino acid Taurine is important to consider when reviewing a pets diet for what reason?
It is required in the diet for cats but not for dogs
Dogs and cats do not have the same fat metabolism or tendency to get atherosclerosis as people, so there is no risk associated with feeding them ___________ (animal origin) fats
Saturated
It is important that cats be fed foods with animal proteins since what acid is essential for cats?
Arachidonic acid
All of the following are characteristics of vitamins except one. Which is not associated with a vitamin?
A. They can be synthesized by animals
B.They maintain metabolic processes
C. They are inorganic molecules
D. Requirements are species-specific
C. They are inorganic molecules
What was the first type of pet food manufactured?
Dry biscuits
Which agency is responsible for regulating kennels and catteries?
USDA
Which agency ensures uniformity of labeling and nutritional adequacy statements?
AAFCO
Which agency regulates any health claims on pet food labels?
FDA
What is the maximum amount of moisture that is allowed in pet foods unless they are specially labeled as sauces, gravies, juices or milk replacers?
78%
A food that is labeled as ‘complete and balanced’ is suitable for which life stage?
All life stages
What part of the label is designed to attract the consumer’s attention?
Principal display panel
How are ingredients listed on pet food containers?
By weight, with the heaviest listed first
How is splitting of ingredients advantageous for the manufacturer?
It allows less desirable ingredients to be listed farther down the list
What is a major problem with calculating nutrient values using a chart?
- Actual digestibility is not measured.
- The chart represents averages and may not reflect the actual ingredient
- Nutrient loss through processing and storage is not accounted for
Proximate analysis looks at what nutrients?
Protein, fat, water and carbohydrates
What can be seen in an animal consuming a food with lower digestibility?
Increased fecal volume and looser consistency
Which food has the highest moisture content?
A. Raw
B. Kibble
C. Semi moist
D. Moist
D. Moist/Wet
Which nutrient level is most affected by prolonged storage of processed foods?
Fats
An advantage of feeding a raw food diet would be what?
Increased coat health
What is the primary reason owners buy snacks and treats?
To show love and affection
What bacterial contamination has been associated with feeding of raw food diets?
Escherichia coli
Salmonella
Yersinia
If owners are feeding a raw food diet, how often should veterinary rechecks be scheduled to monitor for any problems?
Every 3-6 months
Who is responsible for ensuring that a food is free of contaminations?
The manufacturer
Artificial colors are added to some pet foods for what reason?
To increase consumer appeal
What would be an example of a common imbalance found in homemade diets not formulated by a veterinary nutritionist?
Insufficient protein levels
Road kill would be an acceptable substitute in a homemade diet – after all, animals are designed to eat fresh meat.
True or False?
FALSE
When treating an animal for food related bacterial poisoning, why are antibiotics not always effective?
The enterotoxins produced by the bacteria are not affected by antibiotic use
Diet drift is what phenomenon?
The client substitutes ingredients resulting in an imbalance in the diet
How often should an animal being fed a homemade diet be evaluated by their veterinary team?
Every 6 months
Portion-controlled feeding is helpful in managing what condition/situation?
Obesity
The average field mouse contains how many calories when consumed whole?
30
Cats have evolved to eat how many times/day?
9-16
Problems associated with obesity in the bitch prior to pregnancy include what?
Dystocia
The greatest increase in energy requirements occurs during which phase of pregnancy?
The third trimester
Which nutrient is most important during lactation?
Water
What is the ideal age to breed a cat?
1.5-7 years
DHA, in dogs, is required for development of what?
Brain, retina, and auditory
The most rapid period of growth for dogs occurs during what period of life?
0-6 months
AAFCO recommendations for optimal protein levels in puppy food are what percentage?
25-29% ME
The most rapid period of growth for cats occurs during what period of life?
3-6 months
Skeletal maturity occurs by what age in cats?
10-12 months
DHA is synthesized from what fatty acid?
Alpha-linolenic
Lactose intolerance is an example of mal-digestion of what class of nutrients?
Carbohydrates
The maximum amount of calories provided daily by snacks should be what percentage?
10%
Diarrhea or vomiting secondary to a diet change is an indicator of what?
Lack of appropriate digestive enzymes in the GI tract
How much more common is obesity in neutered dogs than intact dogs?
2 times
Which type of diet would provide the highest water intake?
Canned
Who sets the testing requirements for feeding trials?
AAFCO
Preservatives are designed to protect breakdown of what nutrient?
Fats
If a client wants to avoid feeding preservatives or antioxidants what do you recommend?
That they feed canned food diets as canning acts as a preservative on its own
