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CIRCULATORY SYSTEM > quiz questions > Flashcards

quiz questions Flashcards

1
Q

what is the function of the cardiovascular system?

A

delivers oxygen to the body cells
CO2 to the lungs
nutrients (C, L, D, H20, vitamins, minerals)
signals: hormones

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2
Q

structures of the system

A

heart = pump
blood = fluid
blood vessels

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3
Q

types of blood vessels (artery)

A

carries blood AWAY from heart
thicker walls to deal with blood pressure
more elastic + more muscular
branch to smaller vessels called arterioles which carry CAPILLARIES

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4
Q

types of blood vessels (capillaries)

A

site of exchange (oxygen, carbon dioxide, water)

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5
Q

types of blood vessels (vein)

A

carry blood TOWARDS heart
thinner walls bc of less blood pressure
less elastic + less muscular
valves present

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6
Q

types of valves

A

tricuspid (right)
bicuspid
mitral (left)

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7
Q

where are valves located?

A

between atriums + ventricles

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8
Q

what is the valves function

A

prevent backflow of blood into atria when ventricles are contracting

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9
Q

what do valves need to be?

A

the need to be strong!!
cusp chordae tendineae
papillary

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10
Q

where are semilunar valves located?

A

between ventricles + big arteries

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11
Q

what are semilunar valves function?

A

prevents backflow of blood into ventricles when ventricles are relaxed (diastolic)
contract (systolic)

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12
Q

how may chambers are there in the heart?

A

4 chambers

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13
Q

what type of blood does the chambers on the right side of the body receive and where does it come from?

A

blue deoxygenated blood from the body

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14
Q

what type of blood does the chambers on the left side of the body receive and where does it come from?

A

red oxygenated blood from the lungs

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15
Q

what are the three circuits of the heart?

A

pulmonary and systemic and coronary/ cardiac

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16
Q

what does the pulmonary circuit do?

A

carries blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart

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17
Q

what does the systemic circuit do?

A

carries blood from the heart to the tissues for the body and back to the heart

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18
Q

what does the coronary/cardiac do?

A

brings oxygenated blood to the left side of the heart to the heart muscle and then drains deoxygenated blood from the heart muscle back to the right side of the heart

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19
Q

what kind of blood do arteries carry in the systemic circuit?

A

oxygenated (red)

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20
Q

what kind of blood do arteries carry in the pulmonary circuit?

A

deoxygenated (blue)

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21
Q

what is the pathway of blood from the body?

A

superior vena cava/ inferior vena cava
right atrium
tricuspid valve
right ventricle
pulmonary semilunar valve
pulmonary trunk
pulmonary arteries

22
Q

what is the pathway of blood from the lungs?

A

pulmonary veins
left atrium
bicuspid/mitral valve
left ventricle
aortic semilunar valve
aorta

23
Q

what is in hematocrit?

A

plasma: dissolved gases nutrients, waste, mainly h2o, blood proteins
formed elements: platelets, leukocytes (WBC), erythrocytes(RBC)

24
Q

what are the characteristics of erythrocytes?

A

anucleate, essentially no organelles

25
Q

characteristics of hemoglobin and function

A

protein that transports oxygen- 4 proteins
each protein has a red pigment called heme
each heme has 1Fe
O2 is attracted to Fe
kidneys release EPO when there’s not enough )2 in your blood

26
Q

what is leukemia?

A

to many poorly functioning white blood cells

27
Q

what is atherosclerosis (cause of a heart attack)?

A

hardening of the blood vessels
plaques form inside blood vessels
blocks blood flow
increases risk of blood clots

28
Q

what does a cardiac catherization help with?

A

allows us to take a picture of the arteries of the heart = angiogram

29
Q

what is an angioplasty?

A

ballooning of the capillaries

30
Q

what is a stent?

A

stays in blood vessel holding it open

31
Q

what is a bypass?

A

adding another vein for a bypass

32
Q

how to identify valvular disease?

A

listen to the heart (lub+dub= heart movement)
treatement with valve replacement

33
Q

what is an echocardiogram

A

an ultra sound of the heart

34
Q

what is arrythmia

A

an irregular heartbeat

35
Q

what does the sinoatrial node do?

A

auto rhythmic cells that stores to contract

36
Q

what is the sinoatrial node and atrioventricular node function?

A

signal goes to atria they contract
signal goes JAV node
atrioventricular node
pauses the signal to ventricles then sends signal to conduction pathway

37
Q

what are the signals measured in?

A

measured on an ECG/EKG = electrocardiogram

38
Q

what does the P wave do?

A

signals to the atria to contract

39
Q

what does the QRS complex do?

A

signals for the ventricles to contract

40
Q

what does the T wave do?

A

it is the ventricles resetting

41
Q

what is the advantage of having a 4 chambered heart

A

atria fills the ventricles and ventricles pump the blood

42
Q

advantage of having two fully separated sides of the heart?

A

deoxygenated blood and oxygenated blood don’t mix

43
Q

what is the only artery in the body to carry deoxygenated blood?

A

pulmonary artery (carries blood away)

44
Q

what is the only vein in the body to carry oxygenated blood?

A

pulmonary vein

45
Q

which vessel type is most abundant in our bodies by length?

A

capillaries because you have the most

46
Q

what is the lymph system and how is it related to the circulatory system

A

collects all leaked fluids from digestive system and gets dumped into the left subclavian vein

47
Q

why are ventricles more muscular chambers than atria

A

ventricles have to pump blood to the rest of the body

48
Q

what is the function of the aortic arch

A

so blood can reach above and below the heart

49
Q

what do the two numbers of blood represent

A

systolic: when you hear the blood
diastolic: when the sound of the blood stops

50
Q

what is a sphygmomanometer

A

measures blood pressure

51
Q

what do systolic and diastolic correspond to?

A

heart contracting during systole
heart relaxing during diastole

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM (1 decks)

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