Quiz Q's and A's - Osteoporosis Flashcards
How is Osteoporosis characterised or defined?
Osteoporosis is characterised by a reduction in bone mass and skeletal strength, and has not symptoms
What are the clinical manifestations consistent with osteoporosis in this patient?
Increasing fractures and height reduction
What is the complication that she has experienced as a result of her osteoporosis?
Fractures
What are the risk factors for osteoporosis in this patient?
Post-menopausal
Age-related
Smoking
Hyperthyroidism Levothyroxine
Prednisone
What are the modifiable risk factors associated with osteoporosis in this patient?
If a Smoker
Is housebound (low sun exposure)
Poor vitamin D intake
Physical inactivity
Prednisone medication
How is osteoporosis diagnosed?
Physical assessment
Medical history
Risk assessment for fractures
Physical examination of height
Blood tests for vit D levels
x-ray
Bone density scan
What medications are essential for managing osteoporosis?
Vitamin D- build bone strength (Calcitonin also provides pain relief)
Calcium supplements if needed (calcium carbonate, calcium citrate – more expensive, but absorption is easier)
Paracetamol – analgesia relief for stronger pain, 4 grams only per day over 24 hours
Biphosphanate – (Fosamax) reduces bone loss but is painful after swallowing – sit up for 30 minutes post medication
What strategies would someone with osteoporosis need to consider in order to enable them to self-manage their condition?
Take Vitamin D- go into sunlight 4-6 times a week for 5 – 20 minutes
Exercise for 30 minutes a day and do weight bearing exercise
Limit alcohol and caffeine use, discontinue smoking
Parathyroid hormone (PTH), vitamin D, and calcitonin play major roles in bone remodelling and maintaining bone mass. This statement is True or False
True
What medication and behaviours will cause loss of bone density?
Medication: Heparin, glucocorticoids, synthetic thyroid hormone, anticonvulsants, cyclosporine
Behaviours: prolonged bed rest, smoking, high alcohol consumption, aluminium-containing antacids
How is Osteoporosis characterised or defined?
Osteoarthritis is characterised by progressive joint pain and mobility impairment associated with the loss of cartilage and involvement of the underlying bone
What are the causes of osteoarthritis?
Obesity
Misalignment of bones joints
Joint trauma and injury
Repetitive occupational joint use and physical inactivity
What are the uncontrollable factors for developing osteoarthritis?
Age
Genetic disposition such as being female
family history
What do most osteoarthritis patients report they are restricted in doing?
Bathing
toileting
dressing
eating
mobilising
What are the signs and symptoms of Osteoarthritis?
Joint soreness after overuse or inactivity
Stiffness after periods of rest
Goes away when activity is resumed
Morning stiffness – 30 minutes
Pain due to weakening muscles surrounding the joint to low activity
Joint pain worse in the evening after days activity
Deterioration of coordination
Posture and walking due to pain and stiffness
