quiz-proteins and enzymes

Question 1

enzyme

Answer 1

catalytic protein

Question 2

catalyst

Answer 2

-a chemical agent that speeds up a reaction without being consumed by the reaction

Question 3

substrate

Answer 3

small part that goes into enzyme

Question 4

active site

Answer 4

3d cavity of the enzyme with specific chemical properties that enable it to accommodate the substrate

Question 5

cofactors

Answer 5

broad term, the nonprotein part of an enzyme necessary for its catalytic function

Question 6

coenzymes

Answer 6

a nonprotein organic molecule, frequently a B vitamin, that acts as a cofactor

Question 7

activation and inhibition

Answer 7

competitive and non-competitive
ex: toxins, poisons, pesticides, and antibiotics

Question 8

factors that influence enzyme activity

Answer 8

-temperature
-pH
-chemical

Question 9

lock and key model

Answer 9

• a model explaining the specificity of enzyme action by comparing the active site to a lock and the substrate to a key

-not dynamic enough to be completely accurate

Question 10

induced fit model

Answer 10

-a model explaining the specificity of enzyme action by comparing the active site to a glove and the substrate to a hand

-can explain non-competitive inhibition

Question 11

activation energy

Answer 11

-Ea

Question 12

transition state

Question 13

reaction equilibrium and free energy change

Question 14

feedback control

Answer 14

-enzyme regulation process in which formation of a product inhibits an earlier reaction in the sequence

Question 15

proenzymes of zymogens

Answer 15

-an inactive protein that becomes an active enzyme after undergoing a chemical change

Question 16

allosteric enzymes

Answer 16

-enzyme regulation that takes place at another part of the enzyme
-modifies the enzyme’s ability

Question 17

inhibitor

Answer 17

compound that binds to an enzyme and lowers its activity

Question 18

competitive inhibition

Answer 18

-competetive inhibitors actually enters the active sight, preventing the substrate from entering

Question 19

non competitive inhibition

Answer 19

• inhibitor binds itself to a site other than the active site (allosterism), thereby changing the conformation of the active site

Question 20

inactive enzymes

Answer 20

-manufactured by the body in an inactive form, to make active a small part of polypeptide chain must be removed

Question 21

feedback inhibition

Answer 21

-the end product of a metabolic pathway shuts down the pathway
-prevents a cell from wasting chemical resources