QUIZ PRACTICE Flashcards
Maria is a high-achieving student who excels in academics. However, she constantly feels inadequate because she has set unrealistic expectations for herself to be perfect in every area of her life, including sports and social interactions, even though these are not her natural strengths. She feels disconnected from her true self and experiences constant stress, as her ideal self seems unattainable.
What would be the best way for Maria to address this incongruence between her real self and her ideal self?
A. Maria should continue striving for perfection in all areas of her life, as that will eventually help her achieve her ideal self.
B. Maria should reflect on her strengths and values, aligning her goals more closely with her real self to reduce the gap between her real and ideal self.
C. Maria should focus only on her weaknesses and work harder in areas where she feels inadequate, ignoring her natural strengths.
D. Maria should accept that she will never reach her ideal self and lower her standards to avoid stress.
B. Maria should reflect on her strengths and values, aligning her goals more closely with her real self to reduce the gap between her real and ideal self.
How did Socrates view mental self-improvement and the pursuit of knowledge?
A. He believed that knowledge could only be obtained through meditation.
B. He advocated for learning only through formal education.
C. He thought that one’s mental abilities were fixed and unchangeable.
D. He believed that continuous self-examination and the pursuit of knowledge were essential for personal growth.
D. He believed that continuous self-examination and the pursuit of knowledge were essential for personal growth.
In Locke’s view, how does the self persist over time despite changes in the body and mind?
A. The self is an illusion.
B. The self is an unchanging substance that remains constant.
C. The self persists through the continuity of consciousness and memory.
D. The self is a product of physical attributes.
C. The self persists through the continuity of consciousness and memory.
What does the conscious mind in Freud’s model of the mind encompass?
A. Thoughts, emotions, and desires that are beyond conscious control.
B. Only thoughts and memories that are currently in awareness.
C. Thoughts and memories that can never be brought into conscious awareness.
D. The deepest and most hidden thoughts and desires.
B. Only thoughts and memories that are currently in awareness.
John is visiting a new university for the first time. He is shown the library, dormitories, classrooms, and other facilities. At the end of the tour, he asks, “But where is the university itself?” The tour guide is confused and explains that the university is not a separate building but the organization of all the buildings and activities. According to Ryle, what mistake is John making in this situation?
A. John is making a category mistake by thinking the university is a separate entity apart from the buildings and facilities.
B. John’s understanding of the university is correct, as it must be a distinct entity.
C. John is overanalyzing the situation, but his question is reasonable according to Ryle’s philosophy.
D. John is confused about the location of the university but has made no logical error.
A. John is making a category mistake by thinking the university is a separate entity apart from the buildings and facilities.
In a small village, children are raised with the idea that every member of the community must contribute to the common good. From an early age, children are taught to share, help others, and work together on community projects. As they grow up, they develop a strong sense of responsibility toward the well-being of others and feel guilty when they cannot contribute. According to Benedict and Mead, how has the village’s culture influenced the children’s development?
A. The village’s collectivist culture has instilled a sense of shared responsibility and interdependence in the children, which influences their behavior as adults.
B. The children’s personalities are shaped solely by their biological instincts and have little to do with their environment.
C. The children’s behavior is driven primarily by their desire for personal recognition and success.
D. The children’s personalities were unaffected by their cultural environment and developed independently.
A. The village’s collectivist culture has instilled a sense of shared responsibility and interdependence in the children, which influences their behavior as adults.
According to Plato, which part of the soul is responsible for reason and rational thinking?
A. The appetitive soul
B. The rational soul
C. The spirited soul
D. The emotional soul
B. The rational soul
David has been offered a lucrative job that goes against his personal values. He feels torn between his desire for wealth and status, his sense of moral duty, and the need to make a rational decision. He recognizes that accepting the job would fulfill his appetite for material success, but it would compromise his principles.
Which part of David’s soul, according to Plato’s Tripartite Theory, should guide him in making the right decision to ensure harmony within himself?
A. His Appetite, which seeks material wealth and physical comfort.
B. His Reason, which should govern his decision by considering truth and wisdom.
C. His Spirit, which seeks recognition and honor in his field.
D. His Spirit, which would encourage him to act out of courage and ambition.
B. His Reason, which should govern his decision by considering truth and wisdom.
Chris is recovering from surgery and spent several hours under anesthesia, during which he was completely unconscious. When he wakes up, he feels like the same person but realizes he has no memory or perception of what happened while he was unconscious. How would Hume’s Bundle Theory explain Chris’s sense of self during the time he was unconscious?
A. Chris’s self was fragmented during unconsciousness but reassembled when he woke up.
B. Chris’s self was still present during the time he was unconscious, as it exists independently of his perceptions.
C. Chris had no self during the time he was unconscious because, without perceptions or experiences, there is no self.
D. Chris’s true self was in a dormant state and resumed once he regained consciousness.
C. Chris had no self during the time he was unconscious because, without perceptions or experiences, there is no self.
Alice is sitting in a park, observing the trees around her. She notices their different colors, shapes, and textures, but instead of seeing these as separate sensory inputs, she perceives each tree as a unified object. Her mind effortlessly combines these sensations into the experience of “a tree,” rather than a disjointed set of colors and shapes. What is responsible for Alice’s ability to perceive the tree as a unified object according to Kant?
A. Her passive self, which just receives sensory data without organization.
B. Her empirical self, which does not play a role in organizing sensory information.
C. Her transcendental self, which actively synthesizes sensory input into a coherent experience.
D. Her empirical self, which is organizing the sensory data.
C. Her transcendental self, which actively synthesizes sensory input into a coherent experience.
