Quiz one Nov Flashcards
What is the Kinetic Molecular Theory?
The theory that molecules of matter are in constant motion.
The movement of molecules is influenced by attractive forces; weaker forces allow for more movement.
How does temperature affect the Kinetic Molecular Theory?
Temperature affects how fast molecules move; higher temperatures increase molecular movement and spacing.
Lower temperatures cause molecules to slow down and come closer together.
What is an overflow can used for?
To measure the volume of an irregular object.
It’s an alternative to using a graduated cylinder.
How do you use an overflow can to measure volume?
Fill the can until water flows out, then drop the object in and measure the displaced water.
The volume of the displaced water equals the volume of the object.
Define catalyst
Something that speeds up a reaction.
Catalysts lower the activation energy required for reactions.
What is activation energy?
The minimum energy needed to start a reaction.
It is essential for breaking bonds in reactants.
Define combustibility
The ability to burn.
This property is important in determining the reactivity of substances.
What does hardness measure?
The ability to scratch an object and/or surface.
Hardness is often measured using Mohs scale.
Define endothermic process
A process in which energy is absorbed.
This typically results in a temperature decrease in the surroundings.
Define exothermic process
A process in which energy is released.
This typically results in a temperature increase in the surroundings.
What are reactants?
The substances that enter into a chemical reaction.
They undergo transformation during the reaction.
What are products?
Substances that result from the chemical reaction.
They are formed after the reactants have reacted.
What is mass?
The amount of matter in an object.
Mass is often measured in grams or kilograms.
What is weight?
The gravitational attraction, or pull, on a given mass by another mass
Weight varies depending on the gravitational field strength.
Define volume.
The amount of space an object or substance occupies
Volume can be measured in various units such as liters, cubic meters, etc.
What is the formula for calculating volume?
Volume = Mass/Density
This equation allows for the determination of volume if mass and density are known.
What is density?
The mass of a given volume of a substance (mass per unit of volume)
Density is typically expressed in units like grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm³).
What is the formula for calculating density?
Density = Mass/Volume
This formula is useful for finding density when mass and volume are known.
Fill in the blank: The amount of space a sample of matter occupies is _______.
Volume
Multiple Choice: In which state will matter expand to fill the space of matter?
a) Gas
Gases have no fixed shape and will expand to fill the available volume.
Multiple Choice: In which state is a substance that has a definite volume but no definite shape?
a) Liquid
Liquids have a fixed volume but take the shape of their container.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a physical change in matter?
a) A cake baking
A physical change alters the form of a substance but not its chemical composition.
