Quiz One: Lower Extremity

Question 1

Min Diag S-I Joints

Answer 1

1: AP angulated spot axial

Question 2

Min Diag Sacrum

Answer 2

2: AP,

Lateral

Question 3

Min Diag Coccyx

Answer 3

2: AP,

Lateral

Question 4

Min Diag Calcaneous

Answer 4

2: Tangential/Axial,

Lateral

Question 5

Min Diag Ankle

Answer 5

3: AP (dorsiflexed 90 deg, heel on cassette), 
Medial Oblique (rot 30 deg internally), 
Lateral (ankle at 90 deg)

Question 6

Min Diag Toes

Answer 6

3: AP (Dorsiplantar, 10 deg cephalad),
Medial Oblique,
Lateral

Question 7

Min Diag Lower Leg

Answer 7

2: AP,

Lateral

Question 8

Min Diag Knee

Answer 8

2: AP (Upright, 15 deg cephalad tube tilt),

Lateral (knee flexed 30-45 deg, 15 deg cephalad tube tilt)

Question 9

Min Diag Femur

Answer 9

2: AP,

Lateral

Question 10

Min Diag Hip

Answer 10

2: AP (Feet internally rotated 15 degrees),

Frogleg

Question 11

Min Diag Pelvis

Answer 11

1: AP

Question 12

Teardrop Distance aka Medial Joint Space

Answer 12

AP pelvis or hip
Most medial femoral head to outer cortex of teardrop
Normal: 6-11mm

Question 13

Hip Joint Space Width

Answer 13

AP pelvis/hip

4mm:4mm:8mm = 1:1:2 (Sup, Axial, Medial)

Question 14

Acetabular Depth

Answer 14

Line from superior pubis at joint margin to upper outer acetabulum; measure from this line to greatest distance to acetabulum floor.
AP Pelvis, hip
Normal: Male: 7-18 mm
Female: 9-18 mm

Question 15

Symphysis Pubis Width

Answer 15

AP pelvis
Measure between joint surfaces at halfway point
Normal: Male: 4.8-7.2 mm
Female: 3.8- 6 mm

Question 16

Presacral Space

Answer 16

Lateral Sacrum
Measure soft tissue distance from anterior sacrum to posterior rectum (gas density)
Normal: 15yo: 2-20 mm

Question 17

Acetabular Angle (PEDIATRIC)

Answer 17

AP pelvis
Transverse line through triradiate cartilages; second line connects lateral and medial acetabular surfaces; measure angle formed
Normal: 12-29 degrees

Question 18

Measurement of Protrusio Acetabuli

AKA KOHLER’S LINE

Answer 18

AP pelvis, hip
Line from lateral margin of pelvic bowl (rim) to lateral border of obturator foramen
Normal: acetabular floor (lat portion of teardrop) should not cross

Question 19

Accessory Views of the Knee

Answer 19

Intercondyler (Tunnel) projection

Tangential (Sunrise) projection

Question 20

Patellar Position

Answer 20

Patellar length and patellar tendon length are usually equal, normal variation up to 20%

Question 21

Lateral Patellar Displacement

Answer 21

One line tangential to femoral condyles; a second line perpendicular at the margin of the medial articular surface
Second line should be </=1 mm medial to pattella

Question 22

Bohler’s Angle

Answer 22

line from connecting anterior and middle tubercles; second line from middle to post. tubercle; measure posterior angle
Normal: 28-40 degrees

Question 23

Heel Pad Measurement

Answer 23

Measure the shortest distance between the plantar surface of the cancaneous and the external skin contour.
Normal: less than 25 mm in males and 23 mm in females. Add 1mm/25 lbs over 150 lbs

Question 24

Shenton’s Line

Answer 24

AP hip or pelvis
Curvilinear line alone the inferior surface of the femoral neck continued acrross the joint to the inferior margin of the superior pubic ramus
An interrupted line is not normal

Question 25

Iliofemoral Line

Answer 25

AP pelvis/hip Follow the lateral margin of the ilium noting a smooth curvilinear line continuing with the femoral head and neck Not normal: offset or asymmetry

Question 26

Femoral Neck Angle

Answer 26

Formed by the axis of the femoral neck with the axis of the femoral shaft Normal: 120-130 degrees

Question 27

Skinner's Line

Answer 27

AP Pelvis/hip Parallel line to and along the midshaft of the femur; second line perpendicular to the first which is tangential to the lip of the greater trochanter. Should pass through or below the fovea centralis of the head of the femur

Question 28

Klein's Line

Answer 28

AP or frogleg hip or pelvis A line is constructed tangential to the outer margin of the femoral neck and parallel with the neck. Should intersect some portion of the femoral head. Amt of overlap should be the same bilaterally

Question 29

Sulcus Angle

Answer 29

Lines drawn from highest pts on medial and lateral condyles to lowest point of intercondyler sulcus/groove Normal: 138 deg +/-6 Sunrise knee?

Question 30

Center-Edge Angle

Answer 30

AP pelvis, hip Vertical line through center of femoral head; second line through center of head to outer margin of acetabulum; measure < Normal: 20-40deg