Quiz One Flashcards
1 Variable
This called univariate
It’s the most straightforward
Ex. What is your major?
Sociology
2 Variables
This is called bivariate
It involves two variables
Ex. What is your major and gender?
Sociology and female
What are the two branches of statistics?
Descriptive Statistics
Inferential Statistics
What is a sample?
It’s a subset of the population
Ex. If you ask how much money was spent on books by previous alumni, you would ask a small group of people, as you can’t possibly ask every previous alumni.
What is a population?
All the subjects that would fit into a specific study
What is descriptive statistics?
These are stats that describe/summarize what is going on
What is inferential statistics?
These are stats where one will need to infer, make decisions, and make judgement
Describe the relation between descriptive and inferential statistics
You start with a variable
Gather the descriptive statistics
Gather inferential statistics from the descriptive
You will make a judgment about the population
What is a variable?
It’s something that changes from person to person or thing to thing
What is a constant?
It’s something that doesn’t change in value
What is study sample?
It’s what you conclude for a population
When it comes to population, how are calculations made?
In parameter
What is parameter?
Involves greek symbols
When it comes to samples, how are calculations made?
In statistics
What are statistics?
Involves the alphabet
What is level of measurement?
It’s how you measure a particular variable
It determines what level of calculation we use
Describe collectively exhaustive
- It’s a good thing
- It lists all possibilities
- It will include the choice “other” in your question
How do you avoid overlaps?
- Be careful and mindful of categories/labels
- If you have no overlap, you have a mutually exclusive situation, which is a good thing
If you have collectively exhaustive and no overlap, what happens?
For each respondent, there will be exactly one and only one choice
In a survey question, if order is meaningful, we call this what?
Ordinal
In a survey question, if order is random, we call this what?
Nominal
In a survey question, when numbers and distance are involved, we call this what?
Interval-Ratio
What are the three levels of measurement?
- Nominal
- Ordinal
- Interval-Ratio
When there are two possible values, what do you call them?
Dichotomous values
When there are only certain distinct values are possible, what is this called?
A discrete variable
Ex. number of siblings: 2
When you can take any two values, and there can be a value between them, what is this called?
A continuous variable
Ex. Average amount of TV watched by the HC students daily (hours): 2.1, 2.3, 4
Opinion or feeling questions in statistics are considered what?
Continious
When you use groups rather than individual people, this is called what?
Aggregate data
Aggregate data already exists and is also called what?
Ecological data
Ex. State, County, Nation
In mapping, what does the coloring or shading indicate?
Values or range of values
Why is ecological data used with caution?
Because sometimes one takes individual information and generalizes it to a group, or stereotyping. Group information may also be taken and assigned to an individual
When individual information is generalized to a group, or group information is assigned to an individual, this is called what?
Ecological fallocy
