Quiz(lecture 1)

Question 1

What is the correct sequence of structures encountered by neural information as it travels along a neuron?

a. terminal buttons to axon to soma to dendrites.
b. soma to axon to dendrites to terminal buttons.
c. dendrites to soma to axon to terminal buttons.
d. dendrites to soma to terminal buttons to axon.

Answer 1

d. dendrites to soma to terminal buttons to axon.

Question 2

The membrane of a nerve cell is comprised of

a. a double layer of lipid molecules.
b. Vesicles.
c. Myelin.
d. cytoplasm.

Answer 2

a. a double layer of lipid molecules.

Question 3

Large synaptic vesicles are produced in the _______ and are transported to the _________.

a. synapse; extracellular fluid.
b. cytoplasm; dendrites.
c. soma; terminal buttons.
d. dendrites; release zone.

Answer 3

c. soma; terminal buttons.

Question 4

The membrane potential is the result of two forces:

a. equilibrium and inertia.
b. the resting potential and the threshold of excitation.
c. hyperpolarization and depolarization.
d. diffusion and electrostatic pressure.

Answer 4

d. diffusion and electrostatic pressure.

Question 5

Saltatory conduction is advantageous because

a. nodes of Ranvier are bypassed.
b. less energy is required to operate the sodium-potassium transporters.
c. it is unaffected by diseases that damage myelin.
d. it permits myelinated axons to transmit action potentials almost as fast as unmyelinated axons.

Answer 5

b. less energy is required to operate the sodium-potassium transporters.

Question 6

Some substances in the blood cannot enter the brain because

a. capillaries in the brain have gaps.
b. the sodium-potassium transporters only pass certain molecules.
c. capillaries in the brain do not have gaps.
d. the area postrema controls vomiting.

Answer 6

c. capillaries in the brain do not have gaps.

Question 7

The nucleus of the nerve cell is located within the

a. Soma.
b. Axon
c. Axon terminals.
d. Dendrites.
e. Mitochondria.

Answer 7

a. Soma.

Question 8

The _______ are the key supply source of energy for neurons.

a. phagocytes
b. Schwann cells
c. Dendrocytes
d. Astrocytes
e. microtubules

Answer 8

d. Astrocytes

Question 9

Myelination of brain nerve axon membranes is accomplished by

a. Oligodendrocytes.
b. Microglia.
c. Astrocytes.
d. Neurocytes.
e. Schwann cells

Answer 9

a. Oligodendrocytes.

Question 10

Which of the statements about neurons in the central nervous system are true? (You can select multiple answers)
Correct!

a. Neurons in the CNS can store electrical charge
b.Neurons provide structural support for the brain
c.Neurons generally have many dendrites and axons
d.Neurons communicate with each other by transmitting electrical signals

Answer 10

a. Neurons in the CNS can store electrical charge.
d.Neurons communicate with each other by transmitting electrical signals

Question 11

In the central nervous systems (CNS) there are three basic types of neurons. There are
…… neurons that bring afferent information into the CNS, and
…….neurons that send efferent information out the CNS to activate our muscles. In addition …..neurons enable communication between different neurons to form neural circuits.

Answer 11

sensory, motor, inter

Question 12

Every neuron has a cell body (also called the soma), one or more dendrites to receive signals, and one axon for sending out signals.

If a neuron receives a signal from another cell, it will immediately send out a signal through its axon. True or false?

Answer 12

False

Question 13

Microglia are the
……..type of glial cells. One main function of microglia is to support active ……. defense in the central nervous system (CNS). This means that they protect the brain in case of possible harm due to foreign substances (for example as a consequence of bacterial or…….
infections).

Answer 13

smallest, immune, viral /virus

Question 14

Microglia also play a main role in phagocytosis. What is meant by this?
a. Adding myelin to phagal cells
b. Delivering energy to neurons
c. Physical support of brain cells
d. Breaking down and engulfing of undesirable cells

Answer 14

d. Breaking down and engulfing of undesirable cells

Question 15

Another type of glial cells are the Astrocytes. These are named such because:
a. They are present in astronomically large numbers
b. They are shaped in the form of stars
c. They can predict the presence of foreign substances in the brain.
d. Relative to other cells in the brain they are astronomically large

Answer 15

b. They are shaped in the form of stars

Question 16

Astrocytes have many functions in the brain. In the list of functions below, indicate which functions are subserved by the Astrocytes (you can select multiple answers).

a. Physical support for neurons.
b. Isolate neuronal contacts.
Adding myelin to nerve cell axons.
c. Breaking down of neurotransmitters like GABA and glutamate.
d. Providing neurons with energy from the blood stream.
e. Phagocytosis.
f. Production of neurotransmitters like GABA and glutamate.

Answer 16

a. Physical support for neurons.
b. Isolate neuronal contacts.
Adding myelin to nerve cell axons.
d. Providing neurons with energy from the blood stream.
e. Phagocytosis.

Question 16

A final type of glial cells is formed by the Schwann cells. What is/are their main function(s)?
(you can select multiple answers)

a. Adding ion channels to nerve cell bodies (soma)
b. Physical support for neurons.
c. Producing layers of myelin around the dendrites of neurons.
d. Producing layers of myelin around the axons of neurons
e. Breaking down of dead cells.

Answer 16

d. Producing layers of myelin around the axons of neurons

Question 16

Oligodendrocytes are a third type of glial cells. What is/are their main function(s)?
(you can select multiple answers)

a. Adding ion channels to nerve cell bodies (soma)
b. Physical support for neurons.
c. Producing layers of myelin around the dendrites of neurons.
d. Producing layers of myelin around the axons of neurons
e. Breaking down of dead cells.

Answer 16

b. Physical support for neurons.
d. Producing layers of myelin around the axons of neurons

Question 16

What is/are the main difference(s) between Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells?

(you can select multiple answers)

a. Oligodendrocytes provide physical support for neurons, for Schwann cells this is not a main function.
b. Oligodendrocytes form myelin around axons in the peripheral nervous system (PNS), while Schwann cells form myelin around axons in the central nervous system (CNS)
c. Oligodendrocytes form myelin around axons in the central nervous system (CNS), while Schwann cells form myelin around axons in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)
d. Oligodendrocytes have multiple extensions such that they can form myeline around the axons of multiple neurons, while Schwann cells can only form one layer of myelin around a single axon.
e. Oligodendrocytes can provide electrical isolation to axons, for Schwann cells this is not a main function.

Answer 16

a. Oligodendrocytes provide physical support for neurons, for Schwann cells this is not a main function.
c. Oligodendrocytes form myelin around axons in the central nervous system (CNS), while Schwann cells form myelin around axons in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)
d. Oligodendrocytes have multiple extensions such that they can form myeline around the axons of multiple neurons, while Schwann cells can only form one layer of myelin around a single axon.