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Complex > Quiz II study > Flashcards

Quiz II study Flashcards

1
Q

Causes of hyponatremia

A

Medications: amiodarone, angiotensin II receptor blockers, angiotensin* converting enzyme inhibitors, desmopresin

Heart, kidney, and liver problems

SIADH

Chronic, severe vomiting or diarrhea causing dehydration.

Too much fluid intake

hormonal changes

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2
Q

BUN

A

7 to 20 mg/dL

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3
Q

CO2

A

23 to 29 mmol/L

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4
Q

Creatinine

A

0.6 to 1.2 mg/dL

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5
Q

Glucose

A

64 to 100 mg/dL

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6
Q

Chloride

A

95 to 105 mEq/L

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7
Q

Potassium

A

3.5 to 5 mEq/L

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8
Q

Sodium

A

135 to 145 mEq/L

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9
Q

Calcium

A

9 to 11 mg/dL

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10
Q

S/S Hypokalemia

A

Impaired repolarization - flattened T wave, depressed ST segment, and presence of a U wave.

P waves peak and the QRS complex is prolonged

Ventricular dysrhythmias

Basic: constipation, heart palpitations, fatigue, muscle weakness, and tingling and numbness

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11
Q

S/S Hyperkalemia

A

Tall, peaked T waves

depolarization decreases: loss of P waves, a prolonged PR interval, ST segment depression, and widening QRS complex.

Basic: fatigue, confusion, tetany, muscle cramps, paresthesias, and weakness.

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12
Q

Etiology of Hypokalemia

A

Excessive loss of potassium

GI loss: vomiting, diarrhea, or laxative use

Renal loss: diuresis or low magnesium levels (stimulates renin and aldosterone release, resulting in potassium excretion)

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13
Q

Diet - Foods with Potassium

A

Lentils
potatoes
bananas
avocados
spinach/broccoli
dried fruit (raisins, apricots)

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14
Q

Metabolic acidosis impact

A

Renal: kidneys can’t properly filer acids from bloodstream

Raspatory

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15
Q

Metabolic Acidosis

A

Normal
Ph: 7.35-7.45
PaCO2 - 35-45
HCO3 - 22-26

Ph:7.28
PaCO2: 36
HCO3: 19

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16
Q

Lasix indications

A

Edema associated with CHF

Cirrhosis of the liver

Renal disease and nephrotic syndrome

17
Q

Lasix side effects

A

dehydration

electrolyte imbalance

metabolic alkalosis

18
Q

MOA of Lasix

A

Inhibits the reabsorption of sodium and chloride from the loop of Henle and distal renal tubule.

Increases renal excretion of water, sodium, chloride, mag, potassium and calcium.

19
Q

Pathology of Pulmonary Embolism

A

Occurs when a blood clot gets stuck in an artery in the lung, blocking blood flow to part of the lung.

20
Q

Etiology of Pulmonary Embolism

A

Blocked artery in the lungs

21
Q

S/S Pulmonary Embolism

A

dyspnea
hypoxemia
tachypnea
cough
chest pain
hemoptysis
crackles/wheezing
tachycardia
syncope

22
Q

Interventions for PE

A

Supplemental O2, intubation if needed
Monitor labs: hgb, aPTT, INR
Balance activity and rest

23
Q

PE treatment

A

Fibrinolytic agent
Heparin
Warfarin
analgesia

24
Q

Nurse action during intubation

A

Establish O2 support, prepare for a tracheostomy

25
Q

DOPE

A

displacement or obstruction of the ET, pneumothorax, and ventilator or equipment failure

26
Q

Nurse responsibility if intubated patients sats drop

A

Disconnect the ventilator and administer high flow 100% oxygen (FiO2) using a bag-valve-mask

Assess using MASH approach
Movement of chest during ventilation
Arterial saturation (SaO2)
Skin color
Hemodynamic stability

27
Q

What can a UAP do with vented patients

A

Obtain vitals
Measure I/O
perform bedside glucose testing

28
Q

Zantac and critically ill patients

A

Used to prevent stress ulcers

29
Q

Treatment for large PE

A

heparin bolus - followed by continued intravenous infusion

thrombolytics TPA

30
Q

Refractory Hypoxemia

A

A severe breathing problem that can happen due to mechanical ventilation and acute respiratory failure.

Often occurring in the context of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

31
Q

Actions to take with PE patients who are anxious

A

Therapeutic communication and pain medication

32
Q

VAP prevention

A

VAP bundle:
HOB elevation between 30-45 degrees
daily sedation vacation (readiness to wean assessment
peptic ulcer disease prophylaxis
DVT prophylaxis
Oral care with chlorhexidine q8hrs
Hand hygiene

33
Q

Promoting comfort in ventilated patients

A

Suction as needed
assess pain and sedation needs
sedation vacation

Complex (3 decks)

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