Quiz I Flashcards
Schmidt’s Definition of Motor Control
An area of study dealingwith the understanding of the neural, physical and behavioral aspects of movement
Shumway-Cook and Woollacott’s definition of motor control
ability to regulate or direct the mechanisms essential to movement
Horak’s defintiion of motor control
ability of the CNS to use current and previous information tocoordinate effective and efficient functional movement by transforming neural energy into kinetic enery
Brook’s definition of motor control
name given to the functions of mind and body that govern posture and movement
movement emerges from the interaction between
the task, the individual and the environment
factors within the individual that constrain movement
perception, cognition, action
what is meant by the Perception of movement
meaningfullness
what sensory information are you getting and how do you use that information to create meaningful movement. perception defines goals to our tasks and asks if we are meeting those goals and how to improve function
requirements for perception of movement
peripheral sensory mechanisms
higher level processing
interpretation and meaning of afferent informaiton
integration with past experiences and knowledge
what is meant by cognition of movement
what to pay attention to and what not to - problem solving, planning- what am i trying to achieve in the first place?
actions differ depending on the person’s intentions, aims or goals
What is meant by action of movement
specific instance where someone performs an activity that can be observed
Goal-directed task
aiming to achieve a specific goal or purpose through an action
often a focus of rehabilitation
factors that are involved in the task effecting movement
mobility, stability, manipulation
factors involved in the environment effecting movement
regulatory, nonregulatory
discreet vs continuous tasks
do it and done vs. constantly performing a task
stability vs mobility of person, of objects
postural control and how much you are moving in space vs. how you are interacting with other objects
example of manipulation of objects/ surfaces
do not want to slip and fall on the floor
open vs. closed tasks
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non-regulatory environment
background features of the environment which may affect performance but do not directly determine movement organization
(background noise)
regulatory environment
features of the environment to which movement must conform in order to achieve the task or goal
(size shape of objects, type of support surface, direction and speed of object motion)
Categories of motor skills
can describe control of functional mobility skills based on nature of the task (steps)
- Transitional mobility
- static postural control (stability)
- Dynamic postural control (controlled mobility)
- Skill
What must you be able to do to have transitional mobility
initiate, control and terminate movement
transitional mobility defintion
ability to move from one position to another independently and safely (able to move the body while maintaining postural control)
ex. sit to stand
Key elements to asses for transitional mobility
- initiate and control of movement
- sensory, motor and cognitive strategies required for the task
- overall coordination
- movement termination (ex. sit to stand can they maintain balance or do they overstep)
- environmental constraints
Impairments in transitional mobility
- failure to initiate or sustain movement through the range
2. poorly controlled movements
Definition of static postural control (stability)
the ability to maintain postural stability and orientation when the body is not in motion with the center with the center of mass over the base of support
How is static postural control developed
in weight bearing, anti-gravity positions
ex. prone on elbows- quadruped- sitting- keeling
Key elements to assess static postural control
- base of support (narrow vs wide)
- position and stability of COM within BOS
- Degree of postural sway
- Degree of stabilization from UE/ LE
- Number of episodes of loss of balance and direction
- Degree of external assist needed
- Fall risk
Impairments in Static Postural Control
- Failure to maintain steady body position
- Excessive postural sway
- Wide base of support
- High guard position or handhold
- Loss of balance
Definition of dynamic postural control (controlled mobility)
Ability to maintain postural stability and orientation with the center of mass over base of support while body parts are in motion
- characterized by smooth, coordinated movements which can be easily reversed - increased demand for dynamic balance due to reduction in overall base of support and center of mass shifted over remaining support limbs
Key elements for assessment of dynamic postural control
- degree of postural stability maintained by weight bearing segments
- range and degree of control of dynamic movements
- level and type of assist needed
