Quiz I

Question 1

Schmidt’s Definition of Motor Control

Answer 1

An area of study dealingwith the understanding of the neural, physical and behavioral aspects of movement

Question 2

Shumway-Cook and Woollacott’s definition of motor control

Answer 2

ability to regulate or direct the mechanisms essential to movement

Question 3

Horak’s defintiion of motor control

Answer 3

ability of the CNS to use current and previous information tocoordinate effective and efficient functional movement by transforming neural energy into kinetic enery

Question 4

Brook’s definition of motor control

Answer 4

name given to the functions of mind and body that govern posture and movement

Question 5

movement emerges from the interaction between

Answer 5

the task, the individual and the environment

Question 6

factors within the individual that constrain movement

Answer 6

perception, cognition, action

Question 7

what is meant by the Perception of movement

Answer 7

meaningfullness

what sensory information are you getting and how do you use that information to create meaningful movement. perception defines goals to our tasks and asks if we are meeting those goals and how to improve function

Question 8

requirements for perception of movement

Answer 8

peripheral sensory mechanisms
higher level processing
interpretation and meaning of afferent informaiton
integration with past experiences and knowledge

Question 9

what is meant by cognition of movement

Answer 9

what to pay attention to and what not to - problem solving, planning- what am i trying to achieve in the first place?

actions differ depending on the person’s intentions, aims or goals

Question 10

What is meant by action of movement

Answer 10

specific instance where someone performs an activity that can be observed

Question 11

Goal-directed task

Answer 11

aiming to achieve a specific goal or purpose through an action

often a focus of rehabilitation

Question 12

factors that are involved in the task effecting movement

Answer 12

mobility, stability, manipulation

Question 13

factors involved in the environment effecting movement

Answer 13

regulatory, nonregulatory

Question 14

discreet vs continuous tasks

Answer 14

do it and done vs. constantly performing a task

Question 15

stability vs mobility of person, of objects

Answer 15

postural control and how much you are moving in space vs. how you are interacting with other objects

Question 16

example of manipulation of objects/ surfaces

Answer 16

do not want to slip and fall on the floor

Question 17

open vs. closed tasks

Answer 17

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Question 18

non-regulatory environment

Answer 18

background features of the environment which may affect performance but do not directly determine movement organization
(background noise)

Question 19

regulatory environment

Answer 19

features of the environment to which movement must conform in order to achieve the task or goal
(size shape of objects, type of support surface, direction and speed of object motion)

Question 20

Categories of motor skills

Answer 20

can describe control of functional mobility skills based on nature of the task (steps)

1. Transitional mobility
2. static postural control (stability)
3. Dynamic postural control (controlled mobility)
4. Skill

Question 21

What must you be able to do to have transitional mobility

Answer 21

initiate, control and terminate movement

Question 22

transitional mobility defintion

Answer 22

ability to move from one position to another independently and safely (able to move the body while maintaining postural control)
ex. sit to stand

Question 23

Key elements to asses for transitional mobility

Answer 23

1. initiate and control of movement
2. sensory, motor and cognitive strategies required for the task
3. overall coordination
4. movement termination (ex. sit to stand can they maintain balance or do they overstep)
5. environmental constraints

Question 24

Impairments in transitional mobility

Answer 24

1. failure to initiate or sustain movement through the range

2. poorly controlled movements

Question 25

Definition of static postural control (stability)

Answer 25

the ability to maintain postural stability and orientation when the body is not in motion with the center with the center of mass over the base of support

Question 26

How is static postural control developed

Answer 26

in weight bearing, anti-gravity positions

ex. prone on elbows- quadruped- sitting- keeling

Question 27

Key elements to assess static postural control

Answer 27

1. base of support (narrow vs wide)
2. position and stability of COM within BOS
3. Degree of postural sway
4. Degree of stabilization from UE/ LE
5. Number of episodes of loss of balance and direction
6. Degree of external assist needed
7. Fall risk

Question 28

Impairments in Static Postural Control

Answer 28

1. Failure to maintain steady body position
2. Excessive postural sway
3. Wide base of support
4. High guard position or handhold
5. Loss of balance

Question 29

Definition of dynamic postural control (controlled mobility)

Answer 29

Ability to maintain postural stability and orientation with the center of mass over base of support while body parts are in motion

- characterized by smooth, coordinated movements which can be easily reversed
- increased demand for dynamic balance due to reduction in overall base of support and center of mass shifted over remaining support limbs

Question 30

Key elements for assessment of dynamic postural control

Answer 30

1. degree of postural stability maintained by weight bearing segments
2. range and degree of control of dynamic movements
3. level and type of assist needed