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Arterial > Quiz for Week 1 and 2 > Flashcards

Quiz for Week 1 and 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Presence of muscle and elastic fibers give arteries to important properties

A

elasticity
Contractility

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2
Q

Types of arteries
Large vessels

A

Elastic arteries
Such as - aorta, pulmonary artery

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3
Q

Types of arteries
Medium arteries

A

Muscular arteries
Such as -carotid, brachial, femoral arteries

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4
Q

Types of arteries
Arterioles: resistance vessels

A

Help regulate blood flow by contracting and relaxing.
Contribute the most to overall blood pressure
Smallest arteries of feed the capillaries

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5
Q

Types of arteries-
capillaries-functioning vessels

A

Tiny, millions, oxygen, and nutrient exchange done in these

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6
Q

Arteries

A

No valves
Carries blood out of the heart to the tissue
Thick walls
Oxygenated blood
High-pressure system

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7
Q

AO

A

Aorta

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8
Q

CIA

A

Common iliac artery

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9
Q

IIA

A

Internal iliac artery

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10
Q

EIA

A

External iliac artery

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11
Q

LEG

A

Defined in anatomy as a area between the knee and the ankle

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12
Q

Groin

A

Artery is lateral to vein

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13
Q

Popliteal

A

Artery is deep to vein

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14
Q

Calf

A

Artery between the veins

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15
Q

PPG

A

Photoplethysmography probe (PPG)-

A method that measures the volume change in a vessel using light

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16
Q

CW

A

Continuous wave (cw) -
A pencil probe Ultrasound transducer are used to measure blood flow

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17
Q

PAD- peripheral arterial disease

A
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18
Q

Lower extremity pulse points

A

Common femoral artery
Popliteal artery
Posture tibial artery
Dorsalis Pedis artery

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19
Q

Dorsalis pedis - use 3 fingers for pulse

A
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20
Q

Energy gradient

A

A change in energy from one point to another

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21
Q

Kinetic E

A

Velocity of the blood

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22
Q

Potential E

A

Pressure
-main form of energy
-Comes in many forms such as , blood pressure and gravitational pressure

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23
Q

Stroke volume

A

-the amount pressure (70ml)
This is volume of blood pumped into the arteries and increases the pressure in the blood vessels and causes art to stretch out

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24
Q

Systolic pressure

A

The pressure at the highest measurement it occurs when the artery is at its full of stretch
“The distention”

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25
Q

Diastolic pressure

A

When the fullest point has passed, blood keeps moving due to inertia and recoil of the stretched artery wall

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26
Q

Diastolic pressure

A

When the fullest point has passed, blood keeps moving due to inertia and recoil of the stretched artery wall

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27
Q

Bernoulli Principle

A

A principal in hydrodynamics:
The pressure in a stream of fluid is reduced as the speed of flow is increased

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28
Q

Bernoullis Eqation

A

TE= KE +PE

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29
Q

Flow requires an energy gradient

A

Flow also must be able to overcome resistance

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30
Q

Gravitational energy = hydrostatic pressure

A
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31
Q

Energy disappears or separates in the form of heat

A
32
Q

Poseuilles law

A

Help to find how much blood is moving through a blood vessel (flow)

33
Q

Poiseuilles equation

A

Q= change in pressure from point a to b / resistance to flow

34
Q

Density

A

The mass (weight) of fluid per its volume (quantity)

35
Q

Viscosity

A

Thickness of blood causes a resistance to flow by the fluid in motion

Increase viscosity = syrup= decrease velocity
Decrease viscosity = water= increase velocity

36
Q

Laminar

A

Layers

37
Q

Parabolic flow profile

A

Bullet shaved with highest veil cities in middle and lower velocity along edge
Occurs with steady flow

38
Q

Number one disease of the arteries is

A

Atherosclerosis-a buildup of cholesterol and fatty deposits (plaque)

39
Q

Q

A

Flow

40
Q

Flow separation

A

Separation of layers with reversal of flow direction in a wing part of the tube

41
Q

Contraction

A

Systole

42
Q

Relaxation

A

Distole

43
Q

Pad

A

Is atherosclerosis in arteries away from the heart, most common in the legs

44
Q

ABI

A

Ankle brachial index- compares the blood pressure in your arms to your pressure in your ankles

45
Q

Risk factors for pad

A

Smoking, high blood pressure,Atherosclerosis , diabetes, high cholesterol, age above 60 years

46
Q

Pencil probe has two crystals

A

One sends a soundwave
The other receives echoes

47
Q

CW Doppler -protocol

A

An 8 to 10MHz Doppler Probe is usually used

48
Q

Atherosclerosis major Risk factors

A

No control-age, male, family history of the disease
Can control-smoking, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity

49
Q

Symptoms of pad

A

Exercise pain(claudication)
Rest pain
Ulceration
Gangrene

50
Q

Claudication

A

Defined as pain in the muscles upon walking a certain distance that causes a person to stop walking after stopping, the pain dissipates so the individual can walk that distance again before the pain occurs

-claudication pain never occurs just standing or sitting

Symptoms-stairs, Hills

51
Q

Intermediate claudication refers to an aching pain in your legs when you walk or exercise. It goes away when you rest.

A

Common locations are muscles of a calf thigh, hip and buttock

Pain always occurs distill to the blockage

52
Q

Gangrene

A

Tissue loss-typically feet/toes affected for gangrene caused by extremely reduced blood flow from pad

53
Q

Necrosis-death of tissue

A
54
Q

Wet gangrene-often secondary to infection

A

Very painful
Foul smell
May lead to sepsis

55
Q

Dry gangrene

A

Sometimes nerves are so dead so pain is less
Toes may fall off
Less dangerous than wet, gang green, but still very severe

56
Q

Assess the following

A

Color
Swelling
Lesions
Skin appearance
Pulses

57
Q

Six p’s of pad

A

Pain
Pallor
Pulselessness
Poikilothermic
Paresthesias
Paralysis

58
Q

Pallor-pale color due to a deficient in blood supply
Rubor- dark red color due to damage, dilated vessels

A

Cyanosis - blue color due to a concentration of deoxygenated hemoglobin

59
Q

Arterial ulcers

A

Very painful
Feet and toes
No swelling

60
Q

Abnormal sounds are called

A

Bruits

61
Q

Bruit

A

The sound caused by vibrations in the tissue

62
Q

At which level of the circulatory system does not exchange of oxygen,carbon dioxide and nutrients occur?

A

Capillaries

63
Q

Why can arterioles control the resistance of the vascular bed?

A

They have concentric layers of smooth muscle cells

64
Q

Which of the following is not an example of a large artery?

A

The superficial femoral arteries

65
Q

Which of the following are the terminal branches of the popliteal artery?

A

The anterior tibial, posterior tibial, and peroneal arteries

66
Q

Exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste occur, mainly at the level of… In the circulatory system?

A

Capillaries

67
Q

Arterioles are the main control of… Of the circulatory system

A

Resistance

68
Q

The femoral arteries, the brachial arteries and the mesenteric arteries are examples of …

A

Medium sized arteries

69
Q

Another name of the deep femoral artery is

A

Profunda femoral artery

70
Q

Name four major symptoms for peripheral arterial obstruction from atherosclerosis

A

Claudication
Rest pain
Ulcers
Gangrene

71
Q

List three CW Doppler techniques that would produce an acceptable way form display

A
  1. at least 3 Consecutive way forms.
  2. Show baseline and adjust the gain as needed
  3. Eliminate artifacts.
72
Q

Inertia

A

Tendency for the blood to stay emotion

73
Q

Diastole

A

Arterial blood moves by its own momentum

74
Q

Systole

A

Artery distends

75
Q

Friction

A

A form of resistance to flow

Arterial (1 decks)

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