Quiz flashcards

Question 1

The volume of air inspired or expired during normal/ quiet breathing is known as….

Answer 1

Tidal Volume

Question 2

The volume of air remaining in the respiratory system after maximal expiration is called…

Remaining: residue

Answer 2

Residual Volume

Question 3

The sum of Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV), Tidal Volume (TV) and Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV) is known as…

Definition is also the maximum amount of air that can be voluntarily exhaled at maximum effort AFTER a maximum inhalation.

Answer 3

Vital Capacity

Question 4

The additional volume of air that is forcefully expired AFTER a normal quiet expiration is known as…

Additional: reserved

Answer 4

Expiratory Reserve Volume

Question 5

The additional volume of air that is inspired AFTER a normal/ quiet inspiration is known as…

Answer 5

Inspiratory Reserve Volume

Question 6

The amount of air remaining in the lungs AFTER a quiet exhalation is called…

How much you need to still be able to “function”

Answer 6

Functional Residual Capacity

Question 7

The maximum amount of air that can be INHALED AFTER a quiet exhalation is called…

When capacity think MAXIMUM

Answer 7

Inspiratory Capacity

Question 8

The sum of Vital Capacity (VC) and Residual Volume (RV) is called…

Answer 8

Total Lung Capacity

Question 9

What is pulse oximetry?

What device is used to indirectly measure it?

Answer 9

A noninvasive method for monitoring a person’s oxygen saturation.

A pulse oximeter.

Question 10

What is the normal range of SpO2 for healthy adults?

Answer 10

94-99%

Question 11

1. What is the avg resting IRV for males and females?
2. What is average resting ERV for males and females?
3. What is the avg resting TV?

Answer 11

1. M: 3000ml F: 1900ml
2. M: 1100ml F: 700ml
3. 500ml

Question 12

What does the colour of your urine indicate?

Answer 12

• Very light yellow: sign of overhydration
• Dark yellow: sign of dehydration

Question 13

A commonly ordered panel of tests on a sample of urine is called….

Answer 13

Urinalysis

Question 14

What can urinalysis evaluate?

Answer 14

• Kidney Failure
• Diabetes mellitus
• Diabetes Insipidus
• UTIs
• Kidney/ ureteral stones
• Genitourinary malignancy in males
• Acid base disorders
• Rhabdomyolysis

Question 15

What are the three categories of information one can gather from urinalysis?

Answer 15

1. Gross inspection
2. Dipstick/ Microstix test
3. Urine microscopy

Question 16

What can gross inspection observe?

Answer 16

Urine colour and clarity/ turbidity

Question 17

What variables can be measured using dipstick/ microstix test strips?

Answer 17

• Leukocyte esterase
• Nitrite
• Urobilinogen
• Protein
• pH
• Heme/ blood
• Specific gravity
• Ketones
• Bilirubin
• Glucose

Question 18

What does turbidity of urine mean and what does turbid urine indicate?

Answer 18

• Determines if urine is cloudy or clear
• May indicate UTI, dehydration, or kidney disease

Question 19

What does specific gravity measure and what is the normal range for it?

Answer 19

• Measures the amount of solutes in the solution
• 1.001- 1.035

Question 20

The condition of having elevated of glucose in urine is called…

The presence of protein in the urine is called…

The presence of ketones in the urine is called….

The presence of blood in the urine is called…

Answer 20

• Glycoseria
• Proteinuria
• Ketonuria
• Hematuria

Question 21

Specific gravity above normal range can be caused from….

Specific gravity below normal range can be caused from….

Answer 21

• Dehydration, SIADH, glycosuria and proteinuria
• Excessive hydration, diabetes insipidus and ATN

Question 22

What is acidemia and its effect on urine pH?

What can cause acidemia?

Answer 22

• Low blood pH causing high acidity urine
• Hypoventilation, excess production of lactate or ketones, high protein diet

Question 23

What is alkalemia and its effect on urine pH?

What can cause alkalemia?

Answer 23

• High blood pH causing excess alkalinity in urine
• Hyperventilation, alkaline therapy, chronic cystitis, distal RTA, and some UTIs

Question 24

True or false: Presence of turbid urine alone can be used as a diagnostic tool

Answer 24

FALSE: not alone but can be considered

Question 25

True or false: Urine pH cannot diagnose a disease due to too many factors affecting it

Answer 25

TRUE

Question 26

Hyperglycemia and uncontrolled diabetes mellitus can lead to…

Answer 26

Glycosuria (elevated glucose levels in urine)

Question 27

What are some possible causes of hematuria?

Answer 27

• UTIs
• Glomerulonephritis
• Kidney stones
• Cancers of urinary tract
• Prostatitis
• Physical trauma

Question 28

What protein is the urine dipstick most sensitive to?

Answer 28

Albumin

Question 29

What can high level of ketone in the urine indicate?

What are some reasons for this?

Answer 29

• Ketoacidosis
• Main reason: uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (type II)
• Alcoholism, starvation, strict KETOgenic diets

Question 30

What is leukocyte esterase and its function?

Answer 30

• Enzyme released by leukocytes and used as a qualitative measure of WBCs in urinary tract

Question 31

What do nitrites specifically detect?

Answer 31

UTIs

Question 32

True or False: A negative nitrite test means there is NO bacterial UTI

Answer 32

FALSE: There are no bacteria that can convert nitrate to nitrite but there can still be other bacterias

Question 33

What can indicate liver disease or greatly increased bilirubin production from hemolysis?

Answer 33

Urobilinogen

Question 34

What can indicate infection of the liver or exposure to chemicals toxic to the liver?

Answer 34

Bilirubin

Question 35

What can cause proteinuria?

Answer 35

Glomerular disease/ Glomerulonephritis

Question 36

How can nitrites be detected in the urine?

Answer 36

If it contains the enzyme nitratase which breaks down nitrate to nitrite