Quiz December 7th

Question 1

What does colligative mean?

Answer 1

Depending on the amount of substance, not the identity

Question 2

What are some colligative properties? (4)

Answer 2

Osmotic pressure, freezing point lowering, boiling point elevation, vapor pressure lowering

Question 3

What is vapor pressure?

Answer 3

The pressure exerted by a vapor

Question 4

What does volatile mean?

Answer 4

Can evaporate easily, low boiling point

Question 5

What does nonvolatile mean?

Answer 5

Cannot evaporate easily

Question 6

Vapor pressure is lowered when ________ substance is added

Answer 6

nonvolatile

Question 7

vapor pressure over a liquid is a result of

Answer 7

dynamic equilibrium

Question 8

What is dynamic equilibrium?

Answer 8

When the rate at which the vapor molecules return to liquid form, is equal to rate at which liquid molecules evaporate

Question 9

Vapor pressure over the solution with a non-volatile solute, is always _______ than the vapor pressure above the pure solvent

Answer 9

less

Question 10

What does Raoult’s law state?

Answer 10

the vapor pressure of a solution is proportional to the mole fraction of the solvent

Question 11

What does Dalton’s law state?

Answer 11

The total pressure is equal to the partial pressure of each of the gases in the mixture

Question 12

It is _______ to freeze and to boil solutions with nonvolatile solutes

Answer 12

more difficult, harder

Question 13

If a solution has a nonvolatile solute added, the vapor pressure _________

Answer 13

lowers

Question 14

In osmosis, the solvent…

Answer 14

goes from an area of higher solvent concentration (lower solute concentration) to an area of lower solvent concentration (higher solute concentration)

Question 15

hydrostatic pressure is equal to ______ ______

Answer 15

osmotic pressure

Question 16

What is osmolarity?

Answer 16

the sum of molarity of independent particles

Question 17

If the osmolarity of 2 substances is equal,

Answer 17

they have the same vapor pressure, boiling point, freezing point, and osmotic pressure

Question 18

What is a non-electrolyte?

Answer 18

A substance that dissolves in molecular form

Question 19

What is an electrolyte?

Answer 19

A substance that dissociates in a solution (produces ions)

Question 20

Solution of _________, show greater differences than solutions of ___________

Answer 20

Electrolytes, non-electrolytes

Question 21

If the solute concentration outside of the cell is greater than inside the cells it is ________ and water moves _______ the cell. _______ occurs

Answer 21

hypertonic, outside. Crenation

Question 22

If the solute concentration outside of the cell is LESS than inside of the cell, it is _________. Water moves ________ the cell. ________ occurs.

Answer 22

Hypotonic. Into. Hemolysis

Question 23

What is hemolysis?

Answer 23

destruction of red blood cells

Question 24

What is crenation?

Answer 24

cell shrinking

Question 25

What is reverse osmosis?

Answer 25

applying pressure to the solution, so the solvent moves from the more concentrated side to the other side

Question 26

What is reverse osmosis often used for?

Answer 26

To get pure water from salt water

Question 27

What is a colloid?

Answer 27

stable system of two phases, with one dispersed in the other; cannot be easily separated

Question 28

What are some examples of colloids?

Answer 28

Marshmallow (solid foam), aerosol (fog), whipped cream (foam)

Question 29

What is the Tyndall effect?

Answer 29

Colloidal suspensions can scatter rays of light

Question 30

Example of a colloid in a biological system

Answer 30

Sodium stearate (emulsifies fat in aqueous solutions), soap (non-biological)

Question 31

What is a reaction rate?

Answer 31

The speed of a chemical reaction

Question 32

_________ changes in chemical reactions.

Answer 32

Concentrations

Question 33

Reaction rate is equal to

Answer 33

the change of molar concentration over time

Question 34

What is collision theory?

Answer 34

With enough energy and the right orientation, molecules can form products when they collide

Question 35

What makes a collision ineffective?

Answer 35

Not enough energy

Question 36

Activation energy is

Answer 36

the minimum required energy to make a reaction occur

Question 37

If there is low activation energy, the reaction is ______

Answer 37

fast

Question 38

If there is high activation energy, the reaction is ______

Answer 38

slow

Question 39

What are 5 factors that effect reaction rates?

Answer 39

Temperature, chemical identity, particle size, concentration, catalysts

Question 40

How does the particle size influence a reaction rate?

Answer 40

Depending on the size of the particles, there is more area for particles to react in more places and more frequently

Question 41

How does temperature effect reaction rates?

Answer 41

In higher temperatures, reactions happen more quickly... particles move faster

Question 42

How do catalysts effect reaction rates?

Answer 42

Catalysts make reactions follow a different pathway so less activation energy is needed

Question 43

Catalysts are ___ consumed in the reaction

Answer 43

not

Question 44

Enzymes are special __________

Answer 44

Biocatalysts

Question 45

Enzymes are catalysts, but.....

Answer 45

Not all catalysts are enzymes

Question 46

What is a special/elementary reaction?

Answer 46

A reaction that occurs in one step (uncommon)

Question 47

What is the order of reactions?

Answer 47

the number of particles that should collide at the same time and place to react with eachother

Question 48

concept of equilibrium is also called a

Answer 48

reversible reaction

Question 49

Equilibrium is when

Answer 49

a reaction and it's reverse reaction happen at the same rate

Question 50

once equilibrium is reached, the amount of products and reactants ______ _________

Answer 50

remain constant

Question 51

In the equilibrium constant,

Answer 51

K has no unit

Question 52

What is stoichiometry?

Answer 52

balancing

Question 53

if K > 1

Answer 53

There is more product at equilibrium

Question 54

if K

Answer 54

There is more reactant at equilibrium

Question 55

Adding heats shifts the equilibrium in the ______ direction

Answer 55

Endothermic

Question 56

What are factors that effect equilibrium?

Answer 56

The Haber process and Le Chatelier's Principle

Question 57

What is Le Chatelier's principle?

Answer 57

if stress is applied, the equilibrium will shift in a way that relieves stress

Question 58

What is the Haber process?

Answer 58

creation of ammonia