quiz - concepts Flashcards by megatron aseron

Predicted the eclipse of the sun and thought the Earth was a cylinder

Thales of Miletus

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The Earth is a form of globe having its extremes equidistant from the center

Plato

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Gave the most accurate size of the Earth’s circumference during that time

Eratosthenes

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Proposed a spherical Earth because the sphere is a perfect shape

Pythagoras

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Proposed that the heavens are spherical and crystalline and revolve around the Earth

Empedocles

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Proposed the Earth is spherical because during a lunar eclipse, the earth casts a circular shadow

Anaxagoras

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Declared the Earth is spherical because
- the north star is at a fixed position
- ships at the horizon are invisible due to the curvature
- The moon and sun are spheres
- the weight of the earth naturally forms into a sphere

Aristotle

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Umbra vs penumbra?

umbra - light obstructed by dark
penumbra - partial shadow surrounding a shadow (light shadow)

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The Earth is the center of the universe from a model by Claudis Ptolemy

geocentric

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axis tilt of the Earth

23.5 degrees

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TRUE OR FALSE
equinox: day = night
solstice: long days, short nights::short days, long nights

TRUE

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TRUE OR FALSE
the sun rises at the west

FALSE: rises at the East due to the clockwise motion of the Earth

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He proposed the idea of a solar system wherein it contains both the heliocentric and the geocentric theory

Tycho Brahe

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According to his model, there are 27 interconnected geocentric spheres

Eudoxus of Cnidus

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Added 3 spheres to Jupiter and Mars, 4 spheres to the sun, moon, Venus, and mercury

Aristotle’s model of the universe

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Claudius Ptolemy’s 3 main concepts of his model

1.) the Earth is spherical
2.) The stars are fixed bodies attached to a solid spherical exterior part of the universe
3.) Planets moved Independently of the fixed stars or even reversed their motion

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Believed the sun and stars are fixed

Aristarchus of Samos

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corrected the geocentric theory and proposed the heliocentric theory

Nicolaus Copernicus

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TRUE OR FALSE:
- according to Copernicus, the earth is the only planet that moves around the sun

TRUE

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TRUE OR FALSE:
- according to Copernicus, the Earth rotates on its axis daily and revolves around the sun for 6 months

FALSE: He proposed it moved for a year

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TRUE OR FALSE:
- according to Copernicus, the Earth undergoes an annual tilting of its axis

TRUE

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TRUE OR FALSE:
- according to Copernicus, the motion of the planets is explained by the motion of the sun

F-F-F-FALSE: its explained by the Earth

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TRUE OR FALSE:
- according to Copernicus, the distance from the Earth to the sun is small compared to the Earth’s distance from the stars

TRUE

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change of position of an object with respect to time

motion

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motion only either straight up or straight down

natural motion

Motion wherein action is necessary to move things horizontally

violent motion

motion wherein external force is not necessary to maintain the motion

horizontal motion

motion wherein the object slows down and eventually reaches a uniform motion

vertical motion

TRUE OR FALSE: In the absence of resistance, objects fall depending on their weight

FALSE- it will fall based on the time of fall

ARISTOTLE OR GALILEO: motion depends on the element that mainly composed it. Because of that, an object will always naturally return to its natural state

ARISTOTLE

ARISTOTLE OR GALILEO: in projectile motion, an object is influenced by the downward force of gravity

ARISTOTLE

ARISTOTLE OR GALILEO: in horizontal motion, If there is no interference an object will keep moving in a straight line and there is no need to apply force

GALILEO

ARISTOTLE OR GALILEO: Projectiles follow a curved path so the motion of horizontal and vertical should be analyzed separately

GALILEO

ARISTOTLE OR GALILEO: An object must be pushed or pulled to maintain motion

ARISTOTLE

ARISTOTLE OR GALILEO: all objects move depending on forces acting on it and objects thrown will move downward because of gravity

GALILEO

An object at rest will remain at rest, and an object in motion remains in motion with the same velocity unless acted on by an unbalanced force

Law of Inertia

acceleration is directly proportional to the force applied to an object and inversely proportional to the mass of an object

Law of Acceleration

mass in motion

momentum

Force that acts at a particular time and causes the momentum of an object to change

impact

For every action there is an equal and oppositely directed reaction

Law of Interaction

The total momentum before the collision equals the total momentum after the collision

Law of Conservation of Momentum

He designed and built instruments used to make precise measurements of the positions of the planets

Tycho Brahe

What constellation did Tycho Brahe discover in 1572

Cassiopeia Constellation

Who discovered sunspots and rough surfaces of the moon

Gallileo Gallilei

4 famous moons of Jupiter according to Galileo

Galilean moons (narcissistic asf but ok)

TRUE OR FALSE - Venus has phases like the moon

TRUE

States that the orbits of the planets are ellipses, with the sun at one focus

First law of Johannes Kepler

States that an imaginary line drawn from the sun to a planet sweeps out equal areas in equal intervals

Second law of Johannes Kepler

The cube radius of the orbit of a planet around the sun is proportional to the square of its period of revolution

Third law of Johannes Kepler

Multi-dimensional quantity that records the velocity with both direction and magnitude

vector

one dimensional quantity recording the distance and its magnitude

scalar

TRUE OR FALSE: speed is a scalar quantity

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE: MORSE TYPE Distance is the complete length of a journey. it is a vector quantity

first sentence TRUE, second ssentence FALSE - distance is a scalar quantity

TRUE OR FALSE: Displacement is the direct length between 2 points

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE: acceleration is the change of velocity with respect to time

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE: Displacement is always a scalar quantity

FALSE - its vector

TRUE OR FALSE: Velocity is speed with direction

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE: the x-axis on the projectile motion has uniform acceleration

FALSE - uniform velocity

TRUE OR FALSE: Freefall acceleration is when an external force (gravity) is exerted on an object, making the motion accelerate constantly

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE: the y-axis is responsible for the vertical motion

TRUE

an object is moving only under the effect of gravity

free fall

particles that light is made of

corpuscles

TRUE OR FALSE: According to Newton, corpuscles always travel in a straight line in all directions

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE: According to Newton, these particles do not separate from one another

FALSE-These particles are perfectly elastic

TRUE OR FALSE: According to Newton each corpuscle carries kinetic energy with it while moving

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE: According to Newton the corpuscles travel at a low velocity

FALSE - ??? HIGH VELOCITY DUH

TRUE OR FALSE: According to Newton the corpuscles may range from different sizes

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE: According to Newton the corpuscles (light) would transfer in the denser medium than in rarer medium

TRUE

speed of light

3 x 10^8 m/s

what color has the highest corpuscle in the prism experiment

red

bouncing of light to the opposite side

reflection

Bending of light as it travels from one medium to another

refraction

TRUE OR FALSE: Newton's theory has errors

TRUE HAY NAKO

speed of light travels faster in a less dense medium

TRUE

Particles that make up light are. they are massless and have same sizes but different energies

Photons

Wave is a theory of light

Hyugen's wave theory of light

Repeating and periodic disturbance that travels through a medium from one location to another location

Wave

Highest part of a wave

wave crest

Vertical distance between the wave trough and the wave crest

wave trough

phenomenon in which charged particles are released from a material when it absorbs radiant energy. It is often thought of as the ejection of electrons from the surface of a metal plate when visible light falls on it.

Photoelectric effect

Distance between two consecutive wave crests or between two consecutive wave troughs

wave length

The number of waves passing a fixed point in a specified period of time

wave frequency

what does a higher amplitude wave signify?

higher energy being carried in the wave

Passing of light around a hole / slit / gap, then light scatter

diffraction

multiple light waves interaction causing the wave to either decrease or increase

interference

A monochromatic light is shone on a screen containing two very tiny slits.

YOUNG’S DOUBLE SLIT EXPERIMENT

light is regarded as a particle and a wave

dual nature of light

happens when an incident ray of light hits shiny finished surfaces like bright metals, mirrors, still water; hence, the reflected rays are parallel.

application of reflection

speed of refracted ray of light DECREASES, refracted ray is bent TOWARDS the normal

refraction in a less dense to denser medium

speed of refracted ray of light INCREASES, refracted ray is bent AWAY the normal

refraction from denser to less dense medium

refers to the absorbance of light by the object. The object can be identified through the object’s index of refraction as shown on the right.

optical density

The LARGER the gap, the SMALLER the diffracted rays are produced The SMALLER the gap, the LARGER the diffracted rays are produced

diffraction

Crest of one wave meet the trough of the other wave creating canceling out the effect causing dim light

Destructive Interference

Happens when two crests of waves meet to produce an even tale crest / amplitude

constructive interference

whole range of the waves that are present and acknowledged in the entire cosmos. Different photons of the electromagnetic spectrum carry different levels of energy.

electromagnetic waves

TRUE OR FALSE frequency of a wave is directly proportional to its energy. So, the higher the frequency, the higher the energy wave carries.

TRUE

waves that do not have enough energy to get the photons charged

Non-ionizing waves

waves that have enough energy to get the photons charged

ionizing waves

Applied to AM and FM radio studios, old TV broadcasting, submarine communications, mines, and old-school mobile phones

Radio waves

Utilized in ovens, TV satellites, old-school long-distance telephone transmission, and RADAR systems for identifying displacements of particular terrains, aircraft, and the like

microwaves

Used in war to detect enemies at nighttime, thermal motion imaging in airports, security systems, short-range controllers, and thermal scanners

infrared waves

Safest electromagnetic spectrum that humans can get in contact with now and then. Generally, it serves essential purposes to humans and other living entities.

visible light

Found in special lamps for forensic investigation, fluorescent lamps, devices that authenticate banknotes and currency, pest control devices, equipment that sterilize medical tools, and sunlight that can cause sunburns and calcium retention.

ultraviolet waves

color that carries highest amount of energy

violet

Used in vision of soft and hard tissues of the human body, on TV broadcasts, and even in computers but the amount of energy is deregulated to make them safe for humans.

X-rays

Employed in sterilizing medical equipment, killing bacteria and viruses that cause foodborne-related diseases, radiation therapy

Gamma rays

proposed light consisted of waves

christian huygens

color that carries the least amount of energy

red

Proposed light consisted of particles (corpuscles) These particles are only exclusive to light and nothing else around it

Isaac Newton