Quiz (Ch 4-5)

Question 1

State in which the demands placed upon the environment by people and commerce can be met w/o reducing the capacity of the environment to provide for future generations.

Answer 1

Environmental Sustainability

Question 2

“It meets the needs of the [resent w/o compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs.”

Answer 2

Brundtland Commission of Sustainable Development

Question 3

An evaluation of the environmental aspects of a product or service throughout its life cycle.
- Assesses the cumulative impact of the product.
- Can lead to reductions of environmental footprint, cost structure, and potential carcinogens in inputs, processes, and wastes.
- Emerging “product stewardship” shows companies accepting responsibility for impact of their activities.

Answer 3

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)

Question 4

A closed-loop design that recycles and reuses products.
- Suggests that products/services should be designed to completely close the production loop, so that all resources needed to produce them are recycled and reused rather than discarded or left to pollute.

Answer 4

Cradle-T0-Cradle Design (C2C)

Question 5

Inorganic, synthetic and reusable

Answer 5

Technical Nutrients

Question 6

Organic and decompose

Answer 6

Biological Nutrients

Question 7

Sustainability reporting framework developed among stakeholders.
- Provides businesses with information on measuring and reporting the environmental impacts of their operations, including how to report, what to report, what performance indicators to use, and how to apply them.

Answer 7

Global Reporting Initiative

Question 8

Organization that provides reporting frameworks for greenhouse gas emissions and water use.

Answer 8

Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP)

Question 9

Measure of the volume of greenhouse gas emissions caused by a product’s manufacture and use.

Answer 9

Carbon Footprint

Question 10

A measure of the amount of water used in a product’s manufacture and use.
- Availability varies by location
- Costs are not standardized

Answer 10

Water Footprint

Question 11

Nonprofit organization developing a 77-standard framework to enable companies to explain sustainability and its financial impact.

Answer 11

Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB)

Question 12

Organization that provides a framework for reporting environmental and climate change information with rigor comparable to the standards used for financial reporting.

Answer 12

Climate Disclosure Standards Board

Question 13

Address the reality that environmental resources are exhaustible.
- Water, soil, and air can be made toxic, and their use needs to be informed by awareness of that danger.
- To recognize the limits of the Earth’s atmosphere to absorb emissions, and to incorporate this recognition into the way the business operates, is an ecologically responsible decision that supports sustainability.

Answer 13

Limits

Question 14

the complex relationships that sustainable practices create among ecological, social, and economic systems, in which actions in one of these systems may affect the other two, often in ways that are not easily predicted

Answer 14

Interdependence

Question 15

For system interdependence to work, there can’t be vast differences in the distribution of gains.

Answer 15

Equity in Distribution

Question 16

Products are produced and marketed in ways that meet very modest claims to equity. Products must be grown and harvested to standards, working conditions and pay must meet certain criteria for safety and fairness, and sustainability along the supply chain must be monitored.
- Global world demands increasing transparency.
- Backward integration to gain control over supply chain.

Answer 16

Fair Trade Movement

Question 17

An understanding of how business operates that considers all identifiable interest holders.
- Developed by R. Edward Freeman
- Calls for managers to identify and consider the network of tensions caused by the competing internal and external demands within which the business exists.

Answer 17

Stakeholder Theory

Question 18

An approach to accounting that measures the firm’s social and environmental performance in addition to its economic performance.

Answer 18

Triple Bottom Line Accounting

Question 19

Natural resources (air, land, water) that provide us with the goods/services on which our survival depends.

Answer 19

Natural Capital

Question 20

Can contribute to country’s competitive advantage

Answer 20

Location

Question 21

Surface features of a region that contribute so powerfully to a nation’s natural capital

Answer 21

Topography

Question 22

Separate people, impede exchange and interaction

Answer 22

Mountains