Quiz Ch 19-20 Flashcards
Malignant tumor
- multiply rapidly
- invasive and infiltrative
- undifferentiated
- metastasize
Benign
- grow slowly
- encapsulated
- differentiated
- don’t spread
Environmental agents of carcinogenesis
- chemical carcinogens
- Radiation
- viruses (RNA, DNA)
- Oncogenes
Heredity carcinogenesis
-retinoblastoma, polyposis, Wilma tumor, Ewing sarcomas.
Sarcomas
Connective tissue origin 5% of all malignancies.
Grade
Degree of maturity or differentiation under the microscope.
Radiologist
MD reads x rays and determines radiation therapy dosing.
Nuclear physician
MD reads and orders scans.
Radiologic technologists
Radiographer, nuclear medicine technologists, sonographers.
Postersanterior (PA) view
(Back) Posterior source to anterior detector.
Anteroposterior (AP) view
(Front)Anterior source to posterior detector.
Abduction
Move away from the midline.
Adduction
Movement toward the midline.
Eversion
Turning outward.
Lateral decubitus
Lying down on the side.
Prone
Lying on the belly face down.
Recumbent
Lying down prone or supine.
Supine
Lying on the back face up.
Obstructing the passage of X-rays
Radiopaque.
Radionuclides/ radioisotopes
Alpha particles, beta particles, gamma rays.
Nuclear medicine tests
In vitro: test tube
In vivi: in the body.
In vitro procedures; Analysis of blood and urine: radioimmunoassay
RIA uses radioactive chemicals and antibodies to detect hormones and drugs in the patients blood. (Digitalis, detection, hypothyroidism in newborns).
In vivi procedures; radioactive substances
Radioactive substances are given directly to patient to evaluate organ function or image.
(Radio pharmaceutical concentrates on organ, scintiscanner detection instrument produces picture).
DICOM
Digital imaging and communication in medicine is the international standard for medical images and related information. You
Radiopharmaceutical
Radioactive drug used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
Scintigraphy
Diagnostic nuclear medicine test using radiopharmaceuticals and gamma cameras to create images.
Fluor/o
Luminous.
Is/o
Same.
Radi/o
Roentgen/o
X rays.
Vitr/o
Glass.
Viv/o
Iife.
-Graphy
Process of recording.
-lucent
To shine.
-oqaque
Obscure.
Cine-
Movement.
Ultra-
Beyond.
Neoplasms (tumors)
Growths that arise from normal tissue.
Pathological descriptions gross without microscopy
Cystic-ovarian, fungating-colon, inflammatory-breast, medullary-thyroid and breast, necrotic-loss of blood supply, polypoid-colon, ulcerating-stomach, verrucous-wartlike (gingiva).
Pathological descriptions microscopic
Alveolar, carcinoma in situ, diffuse, dysplastic, epidermoid, follicular, nodular, papillary, pleomorphic, scirrhous, undifferentiated.
Radiation therapy side effects
Alopecia (baldness), fibrosis (increase connective tissue), infertility, mucositis, myelosupression, pneumonitis, tumors, xerostomia.
Cancer treatment surgery
Cauterization burn, core needle biopsy, cryosurgery freeze, en bloc resection, excisional biopsy, exenterstion, fine needle biopsy, fulguration, incisional biopsy incision.
Cancer treatment radiation therapy oncology
Brachytherapy, electron beams, external beam, fractionation, gray, linear accelerator, photon therapy, proton therapy, radiocurable tumor-tx, radioresistant tumor, radiosensitizers, stimulation, stereotatic.
Procedures using radionuclides
Bone scan, lymphoscintigraphy, PET scan, CT scan, SPECT, cardiolite scan, TL scan, thyroid scan.
Focuses on PET scan
Radioisotopes, intravenous injection, useful in treating stoke, epilepsy, Alzheimer’s, brain tumors, abdominal and pulmonary tumors.
