QUIZ: Balancing Area & Operations - Manual 12

Question 1

1. PJM is one of the Balancing Areas in the Eastern Interconnection.
   a. True
   b. False

Answer 1

a. True

Question 2

2. What device responds to minute-to-minute changes in load?
   a. MVARs
   b. SVCs
   c. Governors
   d. Synchronous Condensers

Answer 2

c. Governors

Question 3

3. The rule of thumb is that approximately 1-2% load change for a?
   a. 3% change in frequency
   b. 5% change in frequency
   c. 1% change in frequency
   d. 10% change in frequency

Answer 3

c. 1% change in frequency

Question 4

4. When a BA is under generating, it means?
   a. Total generation = Load
   b. Total generation < the total load
   c. Load = Loss
   d. Total generation > the total load

Answer 4

b. Total generation < the total load

Question 5

5. ACE stands for which of the following?
   a. Area Control Error
   b. Area Constant Error
   c. Actual Constant Error
   d. Actual Control Error

Answer 5

a. Area Control Error

Question 6

6. There are 3 basic types of Interchange. Which of the following is NOT?
   a. Actual
   b. Fictional
   c. Inadvertent
   d. Scheduled

Answer 6

b. Fictional

Question 7

7. Electric clocks operate on the assumption that frequency is how many Hz?
   a. 60.00Hz
   b. 59.95Hz
   c. 61.00Hz
   d. 45Hz

Answer 7

a. 60.00Hz

Question 8

8. Which of the following is not a NERC Control Standard?
   a. CPS4
   b. CPS2
   c. DCS
   d. CPS1

Answer 8

a. CPS4

Question 9

9. A Balancing Area is defined as?
   a. Mechanical system bounded by telemetry
   b. Electrical system bounded by Interconnection metering and telemetry
   c. None of the above
   d. Mechanical system bounded by metering

Answer 9

b. Electrical system bounded by Interconnection metering and telemetry

Question 10

10. The Interconnections, including the Western, Eastern, ERCOT, and Quebec are tied together through the use of what?
    a. Underground ties
    b. High voltage DC ties
    c. Low voltage cables
    d. Low voltage DC ties

Answer 10

b. High voltage DC ties

Question 11

11. A bilateral inadvertent payback is an arrangement made between two BA’s
    a. True
    b. False

Answer 11

a. True

Question 12

12. Inadvertent interchange is the difference between?
    a. Supplemental and Overlap
    b. Actual and Scheduled Interchange
    c. Voltage and Phase Angle
    d. MWs and MVARs

Answer 12

b. Actual and Scheduled Interchange

Question 13

13. A BA must meet its instantaneous demand, Interchange schedules, operating reserves, and reactive resource requirements?
    a. True
    b. False

Answer 13

a. True

Question 14

14. The RC has issued a time error correction. What is the correct time it may start?
    a. 12:15
    b. 12:10
    c. 12:25
    d. 12:00

Answer 14

d. 12:00

Question 15

15. When a BA is over generating, it means?
    a. Total Generation = Load
    b. Total Generation < the Total Load
    c. Load = Loss
    d. Total Generation > the Total Load

Answer 15

d. Total Generation > the Total Load

Question 16

16. What is the cost to generate the next MW from the generating unit?
    a. Incremental cost
    b. Decremental cost
    c. Start-up cost
    d. Initial cost

Answer 16

a. Incremental cost

Question 17

1. The PJM RTO must operate sufficient generating capacity under automatic control to meet its obligation to continuously balance its generation and interchange schedules with it load
   a. True
   b. False

Answer 17

a. True

Question 18

2. What is a measure of the imbalance between sources of power and uses of power within the PJM RTO?
   a. Area Control Error (ACE)
   b. Inadvertent
   c. Interchange
   d. Interchange area course error

Answer 18

a. Area Control Error (ACE)

Question 19

3. The sign convention for power flow used at PJM is positive for power flow into PJM, in contrast to the NERC sign convention, in which power flow into a balancing area is negative
   a. True
   b. False

Answer 19

a. True

Question 20

4. There are three modes of control available to PJM dispatchers for the operation of the PJM RTO. Which mode is not included?
   a. Flat frequency control
   b. Tie line frequency control
   c. Flat tie line control
   d. Tie line bias control

Answer 20

b. Tie line frequency control

Question 21

5. What defines a standard of minimum control performance for each balancing area?
   a. Control performance standards
   b. Maintenance schedule
   c. Computer performance standards
   d. Maintenance performance

Answer 21

a. Control performance standards

Question 22

6. The average of the clock-minute averages of a balancing area’s ACE divided by -10B (where B is balancing area frequency bias) times the corresponding clock-minute averages of the interconnections frequency error must be less than a specific limit known as?
   a. CPS1
   b. CPS2
   c. DCS
   d. SPS

Answer 22

a. CPS1

Question 23

7. The average ACE for each of the six, ten minute periods during the hour must be within specific limits, referred to as L10 refers to?
   a. CPS1
   b. CPS2
   c. DCS
   d. SPS

Answer 23

b. CPS2

Question 24

8. What is used by each balancing area to monitor control performance during recovery from disturbance conditions?
   a. CPS1
   b. CPS2
   c. DCS
   d. SPS

Answer 24

c. DCS

Question 25

9. CPS1 must have compliance of what percentage?
   a. 25%
   b. 50%
   c. 75%
   d. 100%

Answer 25

d. 100%

Question 26

10. CPS2 must have compliance of what percentage?
    a. 80%
    b. 85%
    c. 90%
    d. 95%

Answer 26

c. 90%

Question 27

11. When time error reaches +/- how many seconds, the Midwest ISO initiates a time error correction?
    a. 5
    b. 10
    c. 15
    d. 60

Answer 27

b. 10

Question 28

12. The PJM dispatcher implements 100% synchronized reserves and/or contingency reserves (quick start) if the unit loss is > 80% of the largest unit contingency and there is insufficient regulation and economic generation to recover the ACE within DCS (BAL) standards.
    a. True
    b. False

Answer 28

a. True

Question 29

13. What is the procedure between the Northeast Power Coordinating Council (NPCC) and the PJM Mid-Atlantic Control Zone (former MAAC region member companies) to jointly activate a portion of their ten minute reserves?
    a. Shared reserve activation
    b. Group reserve activation
    c. Dynamic reserve activation
    d. Static reserve activation

Answer 29

a. Shared reserve activation

Question 30

14. PJM participates in the VACAR reserve sharing group on behalf of what entity?
    a. FRCC
    b. Dominion-Virginia Power
    c. WECC
    d. WAPA

Answer 30

b. Dominion-Virginia Power

Question 31

15. PJM’s regulating requirement is what MW value for off-peak hours?
    a. 300 MWs
    b. 450 MWs
    c. 525 MWs
    d. 700 MWs

Answer 31

c. 525 MWs

Question 32

16. PJM’s regulating requirement is what MW value for on-peak hours?
    a. 300 MWs
    b. 450 MWs
    c. 525 MWs
    d. 800 MWs

Answer 32

d. 800 MWs

Question 33

17. The AR test is run on what continuous period when, in the judgment of PJM test administrator, economic or other conditions do not otherwise change the base loading of the resources that are being tested?
    a. 10 minute period
    b. 30 minute period
    c. 40 minute period
    d. 60 minute period

Answer 33

c. 40 minute period

Question 34

18. Black start capability is necessary to restore the PJM transmission system following a blackout.
    a. True
    b. False

Answer 34

a. True

Question 35

19. When a reactive limit is approached or exceeded, and non-cost moves are ineffective, out-of-merit assignments are made in the most effective areas to control these limitations.
    a. True
    b. False

Answer 35

a. True