Quiz and exam Flashcards
A natural or synthetic macromolecule comprised of repeating units of monomers.
Polysaccharides
The process of breaking a complex carbohydrate such as starch or cellulose into simple sugars
Saccharification
Term use to denote a 5-carbon sugar derived from hemicellulose.
Arabinose
All biological materials and derivatives other than timber, which are extracted from forests for human use.
NTFP
The inorganic and organic residue remaining after combustion of wood or unbleached wood fiber.
Wood Ash
Distinct alternating light and dark bands of tissues encircling around the core/pith of wood.
Growth rings
This type of cellulase system in which cellulose is degraded in an aerobic environment in mixture of extracellular cooperative enzymes.
Non-complexed
Term used to describe a salt formed by the combination of acetic acid with base.
Acetate
Small molecules which may be joined together in a repeating fashion to form more complex molecules called polymers.
Monomers
Wood waste is accounted ___ % of the overall NRE estimates of the country.
44
Soft tissues of small and thin-walled cells mainly for storage and secondarily for food distribution
Parenchyma
This are type of forest products that are used in raw form
Primary wood products
This is a term used to describe tree exudates that comes specifically from mangrove spp and oak spp.
Tannins
Guaiacyl propane monomers are derived from
coniferyl alcohol
These are used to remove most of the polysaccharides from ball-milled wood meal before aqueous dioxane extraction.
Enzyme Lignin
A mixed exter thermoplastic derivative of cellulose acetate that contains both acetate and butyrate functional groups.
Acetate compound butyrate
Angiosperm contains sinapyl alcohol, when isolated, what type of propane it produces?
equal proportions of :
guaiacyl propane units
syringyl propane units
Outgrowths on parenchyma cells of xylem vessels of secondary heartwood
Tyloses
Strand of primary tissues found within the stem of a plant and consisting of xylem and phloem, along with cambium.
Vascular bundles
A polysaccharide made of a-D-Glucose units, bonded to each other through a (1-4) glycosidic bonds.
Amylose
One type of perforation plate with multiple perforations of net-like appearance, as in wood of marang.
Reticulate
This type of product is obtained from pine spp., distillation of resin produces gum turpentine and gum resin.
Naval stores
Type of tissues concerned with transversed conduction of food and water.
Wood Rays
An axial series of cells that have fused to form a tube-like structure of indeterminate length.
Vessels
Woody plants in the tropics resembling tree ferns and palms
cycadales
Type f specialized tisuue that carries out different functions based on the cell types and location of plant.
Ground tissue
Type of tissue that transports water, minerals, and sugars to different parts of the plant.
Vascular tissue
It refers to the arrangement/orientation of the wood elements with the respect to the longitudinal axis.
Texture
Refers to the size and proportional number of woody elements. Description of texture in relation to the size of wood pores may include porous, fine porous and diffuse porous among others.
Growth rings
It is insoluble in any solvent including water.
Proto Lignin
A polymerization process in which lignin macromolecules grow from monomers via free radical coupling mechanisms
Lignification
The non-structural components of wood, concentrated in the heartwood and are often produced by the standing tree as a defensive compounds to environmental stress.
Extractives
Collective term that used to described the tree exudates
Resins
Considered as a primitive element of xylem consisting of a single elongated cell with pointed ends. It conducts water/solutes and provide mechanical support.
Tracheids
Living support tissues with irregular walls, it is extremely plastic the cells and thus adjust to increased growth of the plant.
Collenchyma
This is unique to conifers and referred to as resin ducts.
Resin canals
The most abundant type of parenchyma cells found in both gymnosperms and angiosperms.
Ray Parenchyma
It is a part of the dermal tissue that functions as extensions of the root epidermal tissue and its primary function is to absord water and other nutrients fro the soil.
Root hairs
One type of cellulose isolation in which enzymes are used in hydrolysis.
Enzymatic Hydrolysis
They consist of two monosaccharides linked by a single glycosidic bond example is cellobiose.
Disaccharides
Matrix substance of the cell wall composed of two types of sugar molecules: xylans and glucomannans.
Hemicellulose
Any of the class of simple sugars whose molecules contain six carbon atoms, such as glucose and fructose.
Hexose
Produced as a part of natural energy transfer and carbon cycle specially by wood degrading fungi and bacteria.
CO2 or cellulolytic
Three elements that comprises cellulose
Carbon (C)
Hydrogen (H)
Oxygen (O)
Where can we find lignin in plants?
Primary wall
Secondary Wall
Middle Lamella
Epidermal Wall
Hypodermal wall
4 methods of isolating lignin
Milled Wood Lignin
Enzyme Lignin
Alkali Liginin
Organosolve Lignin
Primary building units of lignin
Sinapyl alcohol
Cinnamyl alcohol
P-coumaryl alcohol
Coniferyl alcohol
3 kinds of sugar found in most cellulose
Disaccharide
Polysaccharide
Monosaccharide
3 intermediate units that are made from cellulose
cellobiose
cellotriose
cellotetraose
Three families under order gnetales
Welwitschiaceae
Ephedraceae
Gnetaceae
Four general plant classification
Thallophytes
Spermatophytes
Pteridophytes
Bryophytes
