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My CV summer > Quiz 9 > Flashcards

Quiz 9 Flashcards

1
Q

M-mode directs pulses of a _____, linear bean of ultrasound into the tissues and displays the distance from the transducer of the returning echoes on the ______ of ta graph with signal strength indicated by brightness. The ______ of the graph shows time and motion of the structures is seen as curved lines

A

single
y axis
x axis

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2
Q

What is M-mode good for:

A
  • precisely timing events within the cardiac cycle

- high temporal resolution (Lots of frames per second)

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3
Q

Velocities going toward the transducer are ____ the baseline of the y axis

A

above

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4
Q

Velocities going away from the transducer ____the baseline

A

below

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5
Q

On a color flow doppler what does the color red mean?

A

flow toward the transucer

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6
Q

On a color flow doppler what does the color blue mean?

A

Flow going away from a transducer

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7
Q

Some color flow doppler have a variance map that show green; which signifies?

A

Turbulence (Mosiac)

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8
Q

What are the indication for a TEE in the ASA/SCA guidelines?

A
  • All open hearts
  • All thoracic aortic surgical procedures
  • Considered in coronary artery bypass graft surgeries
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9
Q

What are the indications for a TEE in the ACC/AHA guidelines?

A
  • vavle repair surgery
  • valve replacement surgery with a stentless -xenograft,
  • homograft or auto valve
  • valve surrgery for infective endocarditis
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10
Q

The ASE/SCA guidelines for performing a comprehensive intraoperative multiplane TEE examination are:

A
  • 20 view
  • All chambers
  • All vavles
  • Thoracic aorta
  • Pulmonary Artery
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11
Q

Mid esophageal views are located where and consist of:

A

-TEE transducer posterior to the left atrium
(With multiplane TEE probe detailed examination of cardiac chambers and valves can be completed in most patients from this window alone)

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12
Q

TG view are located where and consist of:

A
  • Transducer in stomach
  • Image plane superior
  • Images of the right and left ventricle can be seen
  • Mitral valves
  • Tricuspid Valves
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13
Q

Views to aligning the doppler beam parallel to flow through the left __________ outflow tract (LVOT) and aortic valve (AV) can be developed from the TG window.

A

ventricular

TG

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14
Q

Upper esophageal views are located where and consist of:

A
  • transducer at the aortic arch level
  • Can be seen in LAX and SAX
  • Main pulmonary artery and pulmonary valve can be seen allowing alignment of the Doppler beam parallel to flow in these structures
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15
Q

Left ventricular is viewed at:

A
  • ME two chamber
  • ME four chamber
  • ME LAX
  • TG mid SAX
  • TG two chamber views
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16
Q

Left ventricular size is viewed at what approach and what is the size suppose to be?

A 
VIEWED
-ME two chamber 
-TG two chamber 
Size: 
5.4 cm for women 
< 6 cm for men
17
Q

LV global function show ejection fraction(FRACTIONAL AREA CHANGE). What is the view approaches?

A

-TG mid SAX

THIS ONE IS IMPORTANT

18
Q

Is Fractional Area Change correct when Wall motion abnormalities are present?

A

NO

19
Q

Qualitative assessment of LV function is performed by considering all views of the LV and estimating the EF as:

A
  • EEF > 55% = NORMAL
  • EEF 45 to 54 % = mildly decreased
  • EEF 35 to 44% = moderately decreased
  • EEF 25 to 34% = moderately severly decreased
  • EEF < 25% severly decreased
20
Q

Assessment of regional LV function is divided into 17 region or segments. Each segment is rated qualitatively for thickining during systole using the following scale:

A 
1 = (normal) 30% thickening
2 = (Mild hypokinesis) 10 - 30% thickening 
3 = (Sever hypokinesis) <10% 
4 = (Akinesis) no thickening 
5 = (Dyskinesis) Thinning and paradoxical motion during systole
21
Q

An increase in scale of __ or more in a regional LV function should be considered significant and suggestive of myocardial ischemia.

A

2

22
Q

Normal diastolic LV function corresponds with a:

A
  • Positive inflow waves during systole (S wave)
  • Positive inflow wave during diastole (D wave)
  • Negative wave corresponding to atrial contraction ( A wave)
23
Q

The mitral valve (MV) is viewed in:

A

-ME four chamber
-ME mitral commissural
-ME LAX
-TG basal SAX
(WITHOUT THE COLOR FLOW DOPPLER)

24
Q

Prolapse of the MV is present when a portion of the leaflet moves to the _____ side of the annulus during _______.

A

Atrial

Systole

25
Q

Flail is said to be present when a _______ ________ is ruptured and the corresponding segment of the valve leaflet is seen oscillating in the LA during systole.

A

chordae tendineae

26
Q

Mitral Stenosis planimetry can be viewed from:

A

TG basal SAX

27
Q

Proximal isovelocity surface area (PISA) is most commonly applied to ______ MR and is probably not as accurate for ________ MR

A

central

eccentic

My CV summer (6 decks)

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