Quiz 7

Question 1

Edible

Answer 1

Used when a natural forms of reinforcement are attempted, but are ineffective.
Appropriate when working with people who have severe behavioral deficits.
-Example: someone who is disabled
Can be used to train a variety of behaviors.

Question 2

Edible Precautions

Answer 2

Certain medical conditions
Given the potential for satiation, only small amounts should be presented.
Delivery of edible may interrupt the flow of training or interfere with the smooth execution of a behavioral chain.
Provision must be made for introducing more natural forms of reinforcement

Question 3

Edible Strategy

Answer 3

Pairing positive social event, praise, with the delivery of food or liquid.
Having established some positive social event as a conditioned reinforcer (Sr), maintain behavior with the latter and fade edible.

Question 4

Edible Conditioned (secondary) Reinforcer

Answer 4

Some neutral stimulus that has acquired reinforcing properties by virtue of is association with a primary reinforcer (SR).

Question 5

Tangible

Answer 5

Material items, trinkets and toys or other things that an individual can posses.

Question 6

Tangible Drawbacks

Answer 6

Larger or expensive, may be impractical to deliver each tome the target behavior occurs.
Bears a distinct resemblance to bribe.

Question 7

Tangible VS. Bribes

Answer 7

Reinforcer benefit an individual and society
Reinforcer are consistently applied
Reinforcer follows behavior
Provision made for fading to more natural reinforcers

Question 8

Activity

Answer 8

Opportunity to engage in an activity that is fun, may serve as a reinforcer
Use of activity reinforcers constitutes an application of the Premack Principle

Question 9

Activity Premack Principle

Answer 9

If high probability behavior is made contingent on a low probability behavior, the latter will increase.

Question 10

Social

Answer 10

Social events such as attention. smiling, and positive verbal statements.

Question 11

Social Behavior-Specific Phase

Answer 11

Focuses on some positive aspect of target behavior.

Question 12

Social Advantages

Answer 12

Can be readily delivered each time the target behavior occurs
People do not become sated very quickly.
Have been shown to enhance an individuals self esteem
They are inexpensive
Natural in social settings

Question 13

Shaping

Answer 13

Techniques for expanding an individuals repertoire of behavior.
Entails reinforcing successively closer approximations to the target behavior (also known as the method of successive approximations)
Effective because as distant approximations to a target behavior increases in strength closer approximations increase as well
Increase in closer approximations allows behavior analyst to change criteria for reinforcement.

Question 14

Shaping Recommendations

Answer 14

Good approximations to the target behavior must be reinforced immediately.
Must be cautious not to progress to rapidly or too slowly toward the target behavior.

Question 15

Social recommended for two reason

Answer 15

Increases likelihood that specific aspects of behavior will be repeated
Places emphasis on Behavior as opposed to the individual