Quiz 7

Question 1

energy requirements

Answer 1

1. body size.
2. breed
3. Activity
4. diurnal rhythm
5. environmental temperature
6. diet
7. level of production
8. feather coverage

Question 2

body size

Answer 2

larger birds have lower energy requirement

Question 3

breed

Answer 3

purpose of the breed effects energy requirement

Question 4

activity

Answer 4

birds with access to more space have higher energy requirements

Question 5

diurnal rhythm

Answer 5

the longer the dark period the less active the birds is

Question 6

environmental temperature

Answer 6

the cold- a greater energy requirement to produce heat
the heat- higher energy requirement to dispel heat

Question 7

diet

Answer 7

composition of diet affects energy needed to utilize other nutrients

Question 8

level of production

Answer 8

higher producing birds will lead to higher production requirments

Question 9

feather coverage

Answer 9

less feathers= higher energy requirements

Question 10

calorie

Answer 10

amount of energy needed to raise 1 g of 1 degree

Question 11

gross energy

Answer 11

total combustible energy in a feedstuff
- measured by a bomb calorimeter

Question 12

digestible energy

Answer 12

the portion of gross energy not found in the feces
- not used in poultry

Question 13

metabolizable energy

Answer 13

the portion of gross energy not lost in feces, gases, and urine.
- gas production is negligible in poultry
- most commonly used in poultry

Question 14

net energy

Answer 14

the energy that is available for maintenance and production
- takes heat losses into account

Question 15

true vs apparent metabolizable energy

Answer 15

true ME take into account endogenous energy losses in the feces and urine while apparent ME does not.

Question 16

dietary carbs

Answer 16

• glucose is the primary source of energy in diets as starch. birds cannot breakdown cellulose and hemicellulose

Question 17

dietary lipids

Answer 17

2.25 times as much energy as carbs per unit when oxidated
- derived from rendering, restaurant greases, vegetable oil industry

Question 18

essential fatty acids

Answer 18

needed for specific functions
- linoleic and arachidonic acid

Question 19

if missing dietary lipids from the diet birds exhibit…

Answer 19

1. poor growth
2. fatty livers
3. reduced egg size
4. reduced hatchability

Question 20

Protein

Answer 20

crude protein- measures the amount of nitrogen present.
CP= Nx6.25

Question 21

essential amino acids

Answer 21

have to be in the diet because the body cannot produce them.

Question 22

conditionally essential amino acids

Answer 22

amino acids that can be synthesized by the body but may become essential depending on the condition

Question 23

nonessential amino acids

Answer 23

can be synthesized by the body at a high rate for their need
- if provided enough N in the diet

Question 24

Important essential amino acids in poultry

Answer 24

Threonine, tryptophan, methionine, lysine

Question 25

factors affecting amino acids requirements

Answer 25

1. more intensive production 2. rate of growth/ intensity of egg production 3. amino acid relationships

Question 26

amino acid relationships

Answer 26

-phenylalanine is needed for tyrosine synthesis - methionine is needed for cysteine synthesis - glycine and serine can be interconverted

Question 27

Antagonisms

Answer 27

adding extra of one amino acid can increase the requirement of another

Question 28

inbalances

Answer 28

if supplementing individuals amino acids you must know which amino acid is most limiting, second most, etc...

Question 29

Available

Answer 29

digestibility/ ability to be abosorbed

Question 30

borderline protein deficiency symptoms

Answer 30

- poor growth, poor feathering, reduced egg size, poor egg production, poor feed efficiency

Question 31

severe protein deficiency symptoms

Answer 31

- stop eating, stop egg production, loss of body weight, stasis of digestive tract, death

Question 32

macrominerals

Answer 32

required in relatively large amounts in diets

Question 33

trace minerals

Answer 33

required in relatively small amounts in diet

Question 34

calcium deficiency

Answer 34

reduced growth, reduced egg production, soft-shell eggs, reduced bone mineralization.

Question 35

phosphorus deficiency

Answer 35

weakened bones, leg problems

Question 36

Calcium: Phosphorus ratio

Answer 36

broilers/replacement pullets- 2:1 laying hens= 8-12:1

Question 37

sodium deficiency

Answer 37

reduced blood pressure, reduced blood pressure, reduced cardiac output

Question 38

chloride deficiency

Answer 38

lack of controlled mov't , nervousness

Question 39

potassium deficiency

Answer 39

muscle weakness, heart and respiratory problems, intestinal distension

Question 40

magnessium deficiency

Answer 40

slow growth, lethargy, panting, gasping

Question 41

copper deficiency

Answer 41

anemia, weakened bones, lameness, aortic rupture (turkeys)

Question 42

iodine deficiency

Answer 42

reduced growth, reduced egg production, increased fat deposition ( obesity)

Question 43

iron deficiency

Answer 43

anemia

Question 44

manganese deficiency

Answer 44

perosis( slipped tendon), reduced egg production, reduced shell fitness, reduced hatchability of fertilized eggs

Question 45

selenium deficiency

Answer 45

ruffled feathers, unthriftiness, frequent bruising, edema, exudative diathesis, white gizzard disease ( turkeys)

Question 46

zinc deficiency

Answer 46

slower growth, shorter leg bones, enlarged hock joints, scaly skin, poor feathering, loss of appetite

Question 47

vitamins

Answer 47

organic compounds required in diet in small amounts for life.

Question 48

vitamin A deficiency

Answer 48

disruption of mucous membranes with white pustules, slower growth, emaciation, weakness, conjunctivitis, staggered gait

Question 49

vitamin D deficency

Answer 49

decrease egg production and shell quality, bone weakness with increased breakage, reduced hatchability