Quiz 7 Flashcards
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is the chemical breakdown of food into small organic fragments. A) Mechanical processing B) Ingestion C) Absorption D) Digestion
D) Digestion
What are the waves of muscular contractions that move along the length of the digestive tract called? A) Ascites B) Peristalsis C) Segmentation D) Digestion
B) Peristalsis
Which nerve controls the stomach and initiates the production of gastric juice? A) Subclavical B) Cranial nerve VII C) Pyloric D) Vagus
D) Vagus
Which condition is caused by abdominal organs sliding into the thoracic cavity through the esophageal hiatus? A) Perioneal hernia B) Thoracic hernia C) Hiatal hernia D) None of the above
C) Hiatal hernia
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is the second segment of the small intestine and does the bulk of chemical digestion and nutrient absorption? A) Ileum B) Cecum C) Jejunum D) Duodenum
C) Jejunum
Which of the following portions of the small intestine is attached to the pylorus of the stomach? A) Cecum B) Colon C) Duodenum D) Ileum
C) Duodenum
The cystic duct leaves the liver and leads to the: A) Gallbladder B) Stomach C) Vena cava D) Duodenum
A) Gallbladder
Which of the following is a general function of the liver? A) Bile production B) Metabolic regulation C) Hematological regulation D) All of the above
D) All of the above
What is the most common cause of cirrhosis of the liver? A) Hepatitis B) Renal failure C) Chronic alcohol abuse D) Hypertension
C) Chronic alcohol abuse
The human liver is composed of how many lobes? A) 2 B) 3 C) 4 D) 5
C) 4
What is a common cause of chronic viral hepatitis in the United States? A) Hepatitis E B) Hepatitis D C) Hepatitis C D) Hepatitis F
C) Hepatitis C
Carbohydrate digestion begins in which of the following parts of the digestive tract? A) Duodenum B) Mouth C) Stomach D) Cecum
B) Mouth
The parietal cells secrete which of the following? A) Hydrochloric acid B) Pepsinogen C) Pepsin D) Histamine
A) Hydrochloric acid
The renal tubule is responsible for: A) Reabsorbing useful organic molecules B) Secreting any waste products missed by the filtration process C) Reabsorbing water D) All of the above
D) All of the above
Filtration membranes allow the passage of:
A) Water, amino acids, and most plasma proteins
B) Water, ions, and glucose
C) Plasma proteins but not blood cells
D) Blood cells and plasma proteins
B) Water, ions, and glucose
In the proximal convoluted tubule, water moves out of the tubular fluid by what process? A) Filtration B) Diffusion C) Carrier-mediated transport D) Osmosis
D) Osmosis
The ascending limb of the loop of Henle actively transports: A) Magnesium B) Potassium C) Sodium D) All needed ions
D) All needed ions
The hormone erythropoietin and the enzyme renin are secreted in response to: A) Hypertension B) Tachycardia C) Hypotension D) None of the above
C) Hypotension
Which is a metabolic waste product of the breakdown of amino acids? A) Urea B) Uric acid C) Creatinine D) All of the above
A) Urea
Which hormone, when at lower levels, decreases water permeability in the distal convoluted tubule and the collecting duct? A) Thyroxine B) Epinephrine C) Antidiuretic hormone D) Aldosterone
C) Antidiuretic hormone
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism is the body’s main mechanism for which of the following?
A) Decreasing the level of parathyroid hormone
B) Decreasing the level of angiotensin I
C) Increasing blood pressure
D) Increasing erythropoietin
C) Increasing blood pressure
Which of the following is a major hormone involved in regulating kidney function? A) Aldosterone B) Angiotensin II C) ADH D) All of the above
D) All of the above
Atrial natriuretic peptide is released by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ when blood volume and blood pressure are too high and opposes the actions of the renin-angiotensin system. A) Atrial cardiac muscle cells B) Aortic baroreceptors C) The left atrium D) the right atrium
A) Atrial cardiac muscle cells
Kidney stones consisting of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ are common? A) Calcium salts B) Urea C) Struvite stones D) Magnesium salts
A) Calcium salts
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and kidneys play key roles in maintaining the acid-base balance of body fluids. A) Spleen B) Intestines C) Liver D) Lungs
D) Lungs
If extracellular fluids (ECF) become hypertonic, when compared to the intracellular fluid (ICF), water will move in which direction?
A) It varies based on sodium concentrations
B) From the ECF into the cells
C) From the cells into the ECF
D) Any of the above
C) From the cells into the ECF
In response to circulating aldosterone, the kidneys \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ sodium ions. A) Reabsorb B) Excrete C) Convert D) None of the above
A) Reabsorb
Severe acidosis can cause what effect on the body? A) CNS deterioration B) Peripheral vasodilation C) Weak cardiac contractions D) All of the above
D) All of the above
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ occurs when alveolar ventilation is increased, resulting in excess elimination of CO2. A) Metabolic acidosis B) Hypercapnia C) Respiratory alkalosis D) Respiratory acidosis
C) Respiratory alkalosis
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ buffer system depends on the ability of amino acids to respond to changes in pH by accepting or releasing hydrogen ions. A) Protein B) Phosphate C) Carbonic acid-bicarbonate D) Carboxyl
A) Protein
