Quiz 6 Memory Flashcards
Because complex cognitive activities such as reading comprehension involves strong information while simultaneously building a representation of the overall meaning of a group of words, it should be of little surprise that individual differences in reading skill are more strongly related to _____ of an individual than the ____ span of an individual.
WM;STM
Semantic memory is often modeled using a network model of a set of nodes connected by links. One important version of this type of model proposes that conceptual information is represented as a ____ that can vary in its ____.
Node; activation
Which of the following is not one of the three reasons for moving away from STM conceptualization of immediate memory discussed in the chapter?
The classic research showing STM had a capacity of 72 items for most people and mist types of items.
The three reasons for moving away from STM conceptualization of immediate memory
Realization that people probably use their immediate memory system to simultaneously hold information active while the simultaneously solve a problem or work towards reaching a goal.
The need to fractionated the unitary STM system into independent sub systems to handle immediate memory for different types of info.
Identification of brain injured patients with impaired STM capacity but relatively preserved ability to encode into LTM led to a realization that STM was not the strict gateway to LTM.
Memory can be defined as a system that
Encodes, stores, and retrieves information
The original Baddeley and Hitch model if working memory proposed 2 independent slave systems for immediate memory for _____ information, and a third sub system, the _____ for considering activities of the slave systems.
Verbal and visual; central executive
The ____ is located in the temporal lobe and is considered the gateway to ____ because removal of this structure from both hemispheres results in a severe amnesia.
Hippocampus; memory
The study of the case H.M. Who suffered a severe memory impatient following epilepsy surgery is an example of the ______ approach to the study of memory.
A systems
The fact that identification of a word is faster following identification of a related word than an unrelated word is called____ and is hypothesized to be due ____ in a semantic network.
Priming; spreading activation
When a large number of words are presented, one at a time, and then immediately recalled, items at the end of the list are recalled at the highest rate, an effect called the ____, and e items at the front of the list are recalled nearly as well, an effect called the _____, and the items in the middle portion of the list are typically have the lowest recall rate.
Recency; primacy
Short term memory is a ____ system for holding items in an ____ state for a brief period of seconds.
Limited capacity; active
After H. M. Suffered as every ____ amnesia, a forward looking inability to encode new facts and ____ into long term memory.
Anterograde; events
For connectionist models, memory representations are encoded in the pattern of connection weights appropriately during learning. ____ learning works by exposing the input layer to a learning set of input patterns and adjusting the weights systematically to optimally yield the desired set of output patterns. ____ learning works allows learning to proceed without reference to the “correct” output pattern.
Supervised; unsupervised
The 3 store modal memory model
Is important because it reflects an early major contribution of cognitive scientist to the study of memory.
Is called the “modal” model because it reflects the model of memory that combines the most typical characteristics proposed by researchers in the 60’s and 70’s.
In relation to the serial position curve of memory for verbal items, the primacy effects is thought to be related to more efficient transfer of the first few items on the list onto _____, and the recency effect is thought to be due to direct retrieval of the active contents of _____.
LTM; STM
