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DPT 7015 Clinical Anatomy > Quiz 6: Lower Extremity > Flashcards

Quiz 6: Lower Extremity Flashcards

1
Q

tensor fasciae latae origin

A

anterior superior iliac spine

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2
Q

tensor faciae latae insertion

A

iliotibial tract

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3
Q

tensor fascia latae action

A

tenses fascia lata

hip joint: abduction, flexion, internal rotation

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4
Q

piriformis origin

A

pelvic surface of sacrum

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5
Q

piriformis insertion

A

greater trochanter of femur

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6
Q

piriformis action

A

External rotation, abduction, and extension of the hip joint

Stabilizes the hip joint

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7
Q

obturator internus origin

A

Inner surface of the obturator membrane and its bony boundaries

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8
Q

obturator internus insertion

A

medial surface of greater trochanter

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9
Q

obturator internus action

A

External rotation, adduction, and extension of the hip joint (also active in abduction, depending on the joint’s position)

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10
Q

gemelli superior origin

A

ischial spine

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11
Q

gemelli inferior origin

A

ischial tuberosity

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12
Q

gemelli (superior/inferior) insertion

A

jointly with obturator internus tendon (medial surface, greater trochanter)

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13
Q

Gemelli (superior and inferior) action

A

External rotation, adduction, and extension of the hip joint (also active in abduction, depending on the joint’s position)

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14
Q

quadratus femoris origin

A

lateral border of ischial tuberosity

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15
Q

quadratus femoris insertion

A

intertrochanteric crest of femur

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16
Q

quadratus femoris action

A

hip: external rotation and adduction

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17
Q

sartorius origin

A

anterior superior iliac spine

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18
Q

sartorius insertion

A

Medial to the tibial tuberosity (together with gracilis and semitendinosus)

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19
Q

sartorius action

A

hip: flexion, abduction, external rotation
knee: flexion, internal rotation

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20
Q

rectus femoris origin

A

anterior inferior iliac spine, acetabular roof of hip joint

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21
Q

rectus femoris insertion

A

tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

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22
Q

rectus femoris action

A

hip: flexion
knee: extension

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23
Q

vastus medialis origin

A

linea aspera and intertrochanteric line

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24
Q

vastus medialis insertion

A

both sides of tuberosity on medial and lateral epicondyles via medial and longitudinal patellar retinacula

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25
Q

vastus medialis action

A

extends knee

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26
Q

vastus lateralis origin

A

linea aspera and greater trochanter

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27
Q

vastus lateralis insertion

A

both sides of tuberosity on medial and lateral epicondyles via medial and longitudinal patellar retinacula

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28
Q

vastus lateralis action

A

extends knee

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29
Q

vastus intermedius origin

A

Femoral shaft (anterior side)

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30
Q

vastus intermedius insertion

A

tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

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31
Q

vastus intermedius action

A

extends knee

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32
Q

articularis genus origin

A

anterior side of femoral shaft at level of the suprapatellar recess

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33
Q

articularis genus insertion

A

suprapatellar recess of knee joint capsule

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34
Q

articularis genus action

A

knee: extension

retracts suprapatellar bursa to prevent entrapment of capsule

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35
Q

pectineus origin

A

pecten pubis

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36
Q

pectineus insertion

A

pectineal line of femur and proximal linea aspera

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37
Q

pectineus action

A

hip: adduction, external rotation, slight flexion

stabilizes pelvis in coronal and sagittal plane

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38
Q

adductor longus origin

A

Superior pubic ramus and anterior side of the pubic symphysis

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39
Q

adductor longus insertion

A

Femur (linea aspera, medial lip in the middle third of the femur)

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40
Q

adductor longus action

A

hip: adduction, flexion (up to 70 degrees), extension (past 80 degrees of flexion)
stabilizes pelvis in coronal and sagittal plane

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41
Q

adductor brevis origin

A

inferior ramus of pubis

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42
Q

adductor brevis insertion

A

Femur (linea aspera, medial lip in the middle third of the femur)

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43
Q

adductor brevis action

A

hip: adduction, flexion (up to 70 degrees), extension (past 80 degrees of flexion)
stabilizes pelvis in coronal and sagittal plane

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44
Q

gracilis origin

A

inferior ramus of pubis below symphysis

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45
Q

gracilis insertion

A

Tibia (medial border of the tuberosity, along with the tendons of sartorius and semitendinosus)

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46
Q

gracilis action

A

hip: adduction, flexion
knee: flexion and internal rotation

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47
Q

obturator externus origin

A

Outer surface of the obturator membrane and its bony boundaries

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48
Q

obturator externus insertion

A

trochanteric fossa of femur

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49
Q

obturator externus action

A

hip: adduction, external rotation

stabilizes pelvis in sagittal plane

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50
Q

adductor magnus origin

A

ischial and pubic rami and ischial tuberosity

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51
Q

adductor magnus (deep) insertion

A

medial lip of linea aspera

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52
Q

adductor magnus (superficial) insertion

A

adductor tubercle of femur

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53
Q

adductor magnus action

A

hip: adduction, extension, slight flexion (superficial does internal rotation)
stabilized pelvis in coronal and sagittal planes

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54
Q

biceps femoris long head origin

A

ischial tuberosity and sacrotuberous ligament

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55
Q

biceps femoris short head origin

A

lateral lip of linea aspera in middle third of femur

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56
Q

biceps femoris insertion

A

head of fibula

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57
Q

biceps femoris long head action

A

hip: extention, stabilizes pelvis in sagittal plane
knee: flexion, external rotation

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58
Q

biceps femoris short head action

A

knee: flexion, external rotation

59
Q

semimembranosus origin

A

ischial tuberosity

60
Q

semimembranosus insertion

A

Medial tibial condyle, oblique popliteal ligament, popliteus fascia

61
Q

semimembranosus action

A

hip: extension, stabilizes pelvis in sagittal plane
knee: flexion, internal rotation

62
Q

semitendinosus origin

A

ischial tuberosity and sacrotuberous ligament

63
Q

semitendinosus insertion

A

medial to tibial tuberosity in the pes anserinus (along with tendons of gracilis and sartorius)

64
Q

semitendiosus action

A

hip: extension, stabilizes pelvis in sagittal plane
knee: flexion, internal rotation

65
Q

tibialis anterior origin

A

tibia, interosseous membrane, superficial crural fascia

66
Q

tibialis anterior insertion

A

medial cuneiform and 1st metatarsal

67
Q

tibialis anterior action

A

talocrural joint: dorsiflexion

subtalar joint: inversion (supination)

68
Q

extensor hallucis longus origin

A

fibula and interosseous membrane

69
Q

extensor hallucis longus insertion

A

1st toe (at the dorsal aponeurosis and the base of its distal phalanx)

70
Q

extensor hallucis longus action

A

talocrural joint: dorsiflexion
subtalar joint: active in both eversion and inversion (pronation/supination)
depending on initial position of foot extends the MTP and IP joints of big toe

71
Q

extensor digitorum longus origin

A

Fibula (head and medial surface), tibia (lateral condyle), and interosseous membrane

72
Q

extensor digitorum longus insertion

A

2nd to 5th toes (at the dorsal aponeuroses at the bases of the distal phalanges)

73
Q

extensor digitorum longus action

A

talocrural: dorsiflexion
subtalar: eversion (pronation)
extends MTP and IP joints of 2nd-5th toes

74
Q

fibularis tertius origin

A

distal fibula

75
Q

fibularis tertius insertion

A

base of 5th metatarsal

76
Q

fibularis tertius action

A

talocrural joint: dorsiflexion

subtalar joint: eversion (pronation)

77
Q

fibularis longus origin

A

Fibula (head and proximal two thirds of the lateral surface, arising partly from the intermuscular septa)

78
Q

fibularis longus insertion

A

medial cuneiform and 1st metatarsal

79
Q

fibularis longus action

A

Talocrural joint: plantar flexion
Subtalar joint: eversion (pronation)
Supports the transverse arch of the foot

80
Q

fibularis brevis origin

A

Fibula (distal half of the lateral surface), intermuscular septa

81
Q

fibularis brevis insertion

A

5th metatarsal (tuberosity at the base, with an occasional division to the dorsal aponeurosis of the 5th toe)

82
Q

fibularis brevis action

A

talocrural joint: plantar flexion

subtalar joint: eversion (pronation)

83
Q

gastrocnemius origin

A

femur (medial head: above the medial femoral condyle; lateral head: lateral surfaceof femoral condyle)

84
Q

gastrocnemius insertion

A

calcaneal tuberosity via calcaneal (achilles) tendon

85
Q

gastronemius action

A

talocrual: plantar flexion when knee extended
knee: flexion

86
Q

soleus origin

A

tibia and fibula

87
Q

soleus insertion

A

calcaneal tuberosity via calcaneal (achilles) tendon

88
Q

soleus action

A

Talocrural joint: plantar flexion

89
Q

plantaris origin

A

Femur (lateral epicondyle, proximal to lateral head of gastrocnemius)

90
Q

plantaris insertion

A

calcaneal tuberosity via calcaneal (achilles) tendon

91
Q

plantaris action

A

negligible; may act with gastrocnemius in plantar flexion

92
Q

tibialis posterior origin

A

interosseous membrane, adjacent borders of tibia and fibula

93
Q

tibialis posterior insertion

A

navicular, cuneiforms, and metatarsals 2-4

94
Q

tibialis posterior action

A

Talocrural joint: plantar flexion
Subtalar joint: inversion (supination)
Supports the longitudinal and transverse arches

95
Q

tibialis posterior action

A

Talocrural joint: plantar flexion
Subtalar joint: inversion (supination)
Supports the longitudinal and transverse arches

96
Q

flexor digitorum longus origin

A

Tibia (middle third of posterior surface)

97
Q

flexor digitorum longus insertion

A

bases of distal phalanges of toes 2-5

98
Q

flexor digitorum longus action

A

talocrural joint: plantar flexion
subtalar joint: inversion (supination)
MTP and IP joints of the 2nd to 5th toes: plantar flexion

99
Q

flexor hallucis longus origin

A

Fibula (distal 2/3 of posterior surface), adjacent interosseous membrane

100
Q

flexor hallucis longus insertion

A

1st distal phalanx (base)

101
Q

flexor hallucis longus action

A

talocrural joint: plantar flexion
subtalar joint: inversion (supination)
MTP and IP joints of the 1st toe: plantar flexion
supports the medial longitudinal arch

102
Q

popliteus origin

A

Lateral femoral condyle, posterior horn of the lateral meniscus

103
Q

popliteus insertion

A

Posterior tibial surface (above the origin at the soleus)

104
Q

popliteus action

A

knee: flexes and unlocks the knee by externally rotating femur on fixed tibia 5 degrees

105
Q

extensor digitorum brevis origin

A

dorsal surface of calcaneus

106
Q

extensor digitorum brevis insertion

A

2nd to 4th toes (at dorsal aponeuroses and bases of middle phalanges)

107
Q

extensor digitorum brevis action

A

extension of MTP and PIP joints. of 2nd-4th toes

108
Q

extensor hallucis brevis origin

A

dorsal surface of calcaneus

109
Q

extensor hallucis brevis insertion

A

1st toe (at dorsal aponeurosis and proximal phalanx)

110
Q

extensor hallucis brevis action

A

Extension of the MTP joints of the 1st toe

111
Q

abductor hallucis origin

A

Calcaneal tuberosity, flexor retinaculum, plantar aponeurosis

112
Q

abductor hallucis insertion

A

1st toe (base of proximal phalanx via the medial sesamoid)

113
Q

abductor hallucis action

A

1st MTP joint: flexion and abduction of the 1st toe

Supports the longitudinal arch

114
Q

flexor digitorum brevis origin

A

Calcaneal tuberosity and plantar aponeurosis

115
Q

flexor digitorum brevis insertion

A

2nd to 5th toes (sides of middle phalanges)

116
Q

flexor digitorum brevis action

A

Flexes the MTP and PIP joints of the 2nd to 5th toes, supports the longitudinal arch

117
Q

abductor digiti minimi origin

A

Calcaneal tuberosity and plantar aponeurosis

118
Q

abductor digiti minimi insertion

A

5th toe (base of proximal phalanx), 5th metatarsal (at tuberosity)

119
Q

abductor digiti minimi action

A

flexes the MTP joint of the 5th toe
abducts the 5th toe
supports the longitudinal arch

120
Q

quadratus plantae origin

A

Calcaneal tuberosity (medial and plantar borders on plantar side)

121
Q

quadratus plantae insertion

A

Flexor digitorum longus tendon (lateral border)

122
Q

quadratus plantae action

A

Redirects and augments the pull of flexor digitorum longus

123
Q

Lumbricals (4 muscles) origin

A

tendons of flexor digitorum profundus

124
Q

lumbricals (4 muscles) insertion

A

2nd-5th toes (at dorsal aponeuroses)

125
Q

Lumbricals (4 muscles) action

A

flexes MTP joint of 2nd-5th toes
extension of IP joints of 2nd-5th toes
adducts 2nd-5th toes towards big toe

126
Q

flexor hallucis brevis origin

A
  • Cuboid
  • Lateral Cuneiform
  • Plantar Calcaneocuboid Ligament
127
Q

flexor hallucis brevis insertion

A

1st toe (at base of proximal phalanx via medial and lateral sesamoids)

128
Q

flexor hallucis brevis action

A

flexes the 1st MTP joint

supports the longitudinal arch

129
Q

adductor hallucis (oblique head) origin

A

2nd-4th metatarsals, cuboid, lateral cuneiforms

130
Q

adductor hallucis (transverse head) origin

A

MTPs of 3rd-5th toes, deep transverse metatarsal ligament

131
Q

adductor hallucis insertion

A

1st proximal phalanx (at base, by a common tendon via the lateral sesamoid)

132
Q

adductor hallucis action

A

flexes 1st MTP joint

transverse: supports transverse arch
oblique: supports longitudinal arch

133
Q

flexor digit minimi brevis origin

A

base of 5th metatarsal, long plantar ligament

134
Q

flexor digiti minimi brevis insertion

A

5th toe (base of proximal phalanx)

135
Q

flexor digiti minimi brevis action

A

Flexes MTP joint of little toe

136
Q

opponens digiti minimi origin

A

long plantar ligament; fibularis longus (at plantar tendon sheath)

137
Q

opponens digiti minimi insertion

A

5th metatarsal

138
Q

opponens digiti minimi action

A

pulls 5th metatarsal in plantar and medial direction

139
Q

plantar interossei (3 muscles) origin

A

3rd-5th metatarsals

140
Q

plantar interossei (3 muscles) insertion

A

3rd to 5th toes (medial base of proximal phalanx)

141
Q

plantar interossei (3 muscles) action

A

flexes MTP joint of 3rd-5th toes
extension of IP joint of 3rd-5th toes
adducts 3rd-5th toes toward 2nd toe

142
Q

dorsal interossei (4 muscles) origin

A

1st-5th metatarsals (by two heads on opposing sides)

143
Q

dorsal interossei (4 muscles) insertion

A

1st interosseus: 2nd proximal phalanx

2nd-4th interossei: 2nd-4th proximal phalanges and toes

144
Q

dorsal interossei (4 muscles) action

A

flexes MTP joint of 2nd-5th toes
extension of IP joint of 2nd-5th toes
abducts 3rd-4th toes from 2nd toe

DPT 7015 Clinical Anatomy (9 decks)

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