Quiz 6- Anatomy Of The Nervous System: Neurons Flashcards
Bipolar neurons
2 projections from cell body, sensory neurons for distance senses (vision, hearing, and smell)
Multipolar neurons
More than 2 projections, motor neurons (PNS)
Interneurons
Cell in CNS used for processing info
Local circuit Interneurons
Stellate cells AKA “association neurons”, communication between neurons
Projection Interneurons
Pyramidal cells, long axon= neurotransmitter, carries info to spinal cord
Purkinje cells
Fan shaped, carry info from cerebellum to other parts of the brain and spinal cord
Soma
Cell body
Nucleus
DNA is found here
Axon
Transmits msgs
Dendrites
Treelike, receive chemical msgs
Axon hillock
Small triangle before axon, biological decision maker, decides whether or not to pass on msg
Myelin sheath
Fatty sheath, electrical insulation, speeds up neuroconduction and is segmented (not continuous)
Node of Ranvier
Gaps of myelin sheath where the axon is exposed
Axon terminal
“Axon ending”, “terminal button”, and “terminal bouton”; neurotransmitters are released here
Micro tubules
Transports material from soma to axon terminal and back
Synaptic vesicles
Special membrane bubble, which contains neurotransmitters
Anterograde transport
Soma –> axon terminal
Retrograde transport
Axon terminal –> soma
Neuroglial cells
“Nerve glue”, out # neurons 10 to 1
Astrocytes
“Star-shaped”, provide energy to neurons, “middle men”: coordinate activity into waves
Oligodendrocytes
Create myelin sheaths for axons in the CNS, when they die the sheaths die
Microglial cells
Remove dead tissue, mild form of an immune system by inflammation
Schwann cells
Create myelin sheath in PNS
Golgi staining
Silver nitrate, only shows silhouettes
Nissl staining
Cresyl violet, penetrates the membranes and binds to structures within
Electron microscopy
10,000X magnification
Standard= 2D (highly detailed)
Scanning= 3D (not as detailed)
Amino acid autoradiography
Anterograde and the substance is injected by the cell, transports down to the axon terminal
Horseradish proxidase
Retrograde, injects substances (enzymes) in the brain at the axon terminals, transported back to the soma
Neuron conductor speeds
Humans= -myelinated: 60m/sec
-unmyelinated: 1m/sec
Cats= 100m/sec
Galvani
Stimulated frog legs
Bernstein
2 state theory
John z young
Large squid have large axons (1mm across, very large), took axon out of squid
Oscilloscope
Measure difference in voltage and displayed on screen
Micro electrodes
Intracellular, inside cell membrane in fluid
Ion
Charged particle
Potential
Electrical charge
Graded potential
Electrical charge that varies in strength
Decremental potential
Electrical charge that fades in strength
Synaptic potential
Electrical charges resulted from communication across synapse, occurs in dendrites and soma, graded and decremental
Action potential
Electrical charge in axon, non graded and non decremental
Non graded potentials
Electrical charges that don’t vary in strength
Unipolar neurons
One projection from cell body, sensory neuron for constant senses (touch)
