Quiz 6 Flashcards
Angina pectorals
Acute chest pain that occurs when myocardial demand exceeds its oxygen supply
Aortic Regurgitation
(Insufficiency) - incompetent aortic valve that allows backward flow of blood into left ventricle during diastole
Aortic Stenosis
Calcification of aortic valve cusps that restricts forward flow of blood during systole
Aortic Valve
The left semilunar valve separating the left ventricle and the aorta
Apex of the heart
Tip of the heart pointing down toward the 5th left intercostal space
Apical Impulse
Point of maximal impulse (PMI): Pulsation created as the left ventricle rotates against the chest wall during systole
Base of the heart
Broader area of heart’s outline located at the 3rd right and left intercostal spaces
Bell (stethoscope)
Cup-shaped end-piece used for soft, low pitched heart sounds
Bradycardia
Slow heart rate, less than 50 bpm
Clubbing
Bulbous enlargement of distal phalanges of fingers and toes that occurs with chronic cyanotic heart and lung conditions
Coarctation of aorta
Severe narrowing of the descending aorta, a congenital heart defect
Cor pulmonale
Right ventricular hypertrophy and heart failure due to pulmonary hypertension
Cyanosis
Dusky blue mottling of the skin and mucous membranes due to excessive amount of reduced hemoglobin in the blood
Diaphragm (stethoscope)
Flat end-piece of the stethoscope used for hearing relatively high pitched heart sounds
Diastole
The heart’s filling phase
Dyspnea
Difficult, labored breathing
Edema
Swelling of the legs or dependent body part due to increased interstitial fluid
Erb’s point
Traditional auscultatory area in the 3rd left intercostal space
First Heart Sound (S1)
Occurs with closure of the antrioventricular valve signaling the beginning of systole
Fourth Heart Sound (S4)
S4 gallop, atrial gallop; very soft, low pitched ventricular filling sound that occurs in late diastole
Gallop Rhythm
The addition of a 3rd or a 4th heart sound; makes the rhythm sound like the cadence of a galloping horse
Inching
Technique of moving the stethoscope incrementally across the precordium through the auscultatory areas while listening to the heart sounds
LVH - Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
Increase in thickness of myocardial wall that occurs when the heart pumps against chronic outflow obstruction
Midclavicular Line (MCL)
Imaginary vertical line bisecting the middle of the clavicle in each hemithorax
Mitral Regurgitation
Mitral insufficiency; incompetent mitral valve allows Regurgitation of blood back into left atrium during systole
Mitral Stenosis
Calcified mitral valve impedes forward flow of blood into left ventricle during diastole
Mitral Valve
Left atrioventricular valve separating the left atrium and ventricle
Palpitation
Uncomfortable awareness of rapid or irregular heart rate
Pericardial Friction Rub
High-pitched, scratchy extracardiac sound heard when the precordium is inflamed
Paradoxical splitting
Opposite of a normal split S2 so that the split is heard in expiration, and in inspiration the sounds fuse to one sound
Physiologic Splitting
Normal variation in S2 heard as two separate components during inspiration
Precordium
Area of the chest wall overlying the heart and great vessels
Pulmonic regurgitation
Pulmonic insufficiency; backflow of blood through incompetent pulmonic valve
Pulmonic Stenosis
Calcification of pulmonic valve that restricts forward flow of blood during systole
Pulmonic Valve
Right semilunar valve separating the right ventricle and pulmonary artery
Second Heart Sound (S2)
Occurs with closure of the semilunar valves
Summation Gallop
Abnormal mid-diastolic heart sound heard when both the pathological S3 and S4 are present
Syncope
Temporary loss of consciousness due to decreased cerebral blood flow (fainting)
Systole
The heart’s pumping phase
Tachycardia
Rapid heart rate, greater then 95 bpm
Third Heart Sound (S3)
Soft, low-pitched ventricular filling sound that occurs in early diastole and may be an early sign of heart failure
Thrill
Palpable vibration on the chest wall accompanying sever heart murmur
Tricuspid Valve
Right antrioventricular valve separating the right atrium and ventricle
Allen Test
Test that determines the patency of the radial and ulnar arteries by compressing one artery site and observing return of skin color as evidence of patency of the other artery
Aneurysm
Defect or sac formed by dilation in artery wall due to atherosclerosis, trauma, or congenital defect
Arrhythmia
Variation from the heart’s regular rhythm
Arteriosclerosis
Thickening and loss of elasticity of the arterial walls
Atherosclerosis
Plaques of fatty deposits formed in the inner layer of the arteries
Bradycardia
Slow heart rate, less than 50
Bruit
Blowing, swooshing sound heard through a stethoscope when an artery is partially occluded
Cyanosis
Dusky blue mottling of the skin and mucous membranes due to excessive amount of reduced hemoglobin in the blood
Diastole
The heart’s filling phase
Ischemia
Deficiency of arterial blood to a body part due to constriction or obstruction of a blood vessel
Lymph Nodes
Small oval clumps of lymphatic tissue located at grouped intervals along lymphatic vessels
Lymphedema
Swelling of extremity due to obstructed lymph channel, nonpitting
Pitting Edema
Indentation left after examiner depresses the skin over swollen edematous tissue
Profile Sign
Viewing the finger from the side to detect early clubbing
Pulse
Pressure wave created by each heartbeat, palpable at body cites where the artery lies close to the skin and over the bone
Pulsus Alternans
Regular rhythm, but force of pulse varies with alternating beats of large and small amplitude
Pulsus Bigeminus
Irregular rhythm; every other beat is premature
Pulsus Paradoxus
Beats have weaker amplitude with respiratory inspiration, stronger with expiration
Systole
The heart’s pumping phase
Tachycardia
Rapid heart beat, more than 95 bpm
Thrombophlebitis
Inflammation of the vein associated with thrombus formation
Ulcer
Open skin lesion extending into dermis, with sloughing of necrotic inflammatory tissue
Varicose Veins
Dilated tortuous veins with incompetent valves
