quiz 6 Flashcards
light behaves like…
a wave. it has both an electrical and magnetic field
length of light’s wave
wavelength symbolized by λ (lamda)
what determines the color of visible light?
the wavelength
violet-red goes from 400-700 nm
but also frequency, as wavelength and frequency are inversely proportional
AND also energy, as wavelength & frequency determines the amount of energy emitted
high wavelength means
low v (frequency) low E (energy)
low wavelength means
high v (frequency) high E (energy)
relationship between wavelength and frequency
inversely proportional
v* λ = c, where c is the speed of light (a “constant” …in a vacuum)
units of frequency
1/second
or Hz where Hz=1 (cycle)/sec
the spectrum of white light is continuous or discrete?
continuous
constructive interference
when waves reach their maxs and mins at the same place, their amplitudes are added to created a new, higher wave
destructive interference
when two waves are out of phase (A reaches its max as B reaches its min and vice versa), the waves cancel each other out
Bohr’s ladder
- theory that electrons are restricted to certain orbits of the nucleus (n=1, n=2, n=3, etc)
- an electron absorbs energy in the form of a photon (light) and gets boosted from a lower orbit to higher orbit, then releases that photon energy (light) as it drops from higher to lower orbit
- the amount of energy emitted determines the color
- correctly predicted emission spectra of hydrogen gas
- correctly asserted that electrons occupy certain discrete levels
- but could only predict atoms with one electron total
- and electrons dont travel in orbits
- was replaced by modern quantum mechanics
energy level transitions for discrete spectrum
- go from discrete levels
- UV region from 2+ -> 1 (lymon)
- visible region 3+ -> 2 (balman)
- infrared region from 4+ -> 3 (paschen)
energy level transitions for continuous spectrum
electrons dropping from everywhere, even between discrete energy levels
amplitude of wave determines light’s
intensity/brightness. higher amplitude, higher intensity
s orbital shape
a ball
p orbital shape
dumbell
d orbital shape
four leaf clover
trend of atomic radius on periodic table
increases as you go down and to the left (lower left corner is largest)
trend of ionization energy
increases as you go up and to the right (upper right corner is largest)
