Quiz 56 Flashcards
What organism is responsible for producing hydatid cysts of the liver?
Echinococcus granulosus
What is a complication of surgical removal of Echinococcus granulosus cysts?
Anaphylaxis
How can anaphylaxis from Echinococcus granulosus be prevented prior to surgery?
Injecting the ethanol into the cyst beforehand
What do radiographs reveal in a patient infected with Echinococcus granulosus?
Smooth cystic lesions of the liver
Schistosoma haematobium infection predisposes a patient to what?
Squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder
What organism is responsible for neurocysticercosis?
Taenia solium
During what timeframe is troponin I and T a marker for an acute myocardial infarction?
First 6 hours (elevates between 3-6)
Why is CK-MB useful in detecting re-infarction?
CK-MB will normalize after 3 days, troponin takes 7-10 days
What compliment factor binds mast cells and basophils, activating them?
C3a
What compliment factor is important in removal of immune complexes?
C3b
What is responsible for removing immune complexes from the serum?
C3b
What is seen on gross dissection of gangrenous small intestine?
Sharply demarcated, dark and hemorrhagic section of bowel
What organism causes malignant (necrotizing) external otitis?
Pseduomonas aeruginosa
Gram negative bacilli that are oxidase positive, aerobic, non-fermenting and produce blue-green pigments and a grape like odor
P. Aeruginosa
What is the gram stain and morphology of P aeruginosa?
Gram negative bacilli
What is a case series study?
Observational study that collects information from patients with a certain disease and does not include controls
What information is gathered from case series study?
Information about a new disease process
Rheumatoid factor is directed against what?
Fc portion of immunoglobulin G
In drug induced lupus, what are the antibodies directed against?
Histones
What are three drugs that can cause drug induced lupus?
Procainamide, hydralazine, isoniazid
What are three antibodies seen in celiac disease?
Anti-gliadin, anti-endomysial, anti-tissue transglutaminase IgA
Antibodies to CCP is seen in what disease?
Rheumatoid arthritis
Anti-mitochondrial antibodies are found in what disease?
Primary biliary sclerosis
What disease are anti-smooth muscle antibodies found in?
Autoimmune hepatitis
What is a paradoxical embolism?
A patent foramen ovale allowing emboli originating from the leg veins to reach systemic arteries
Radial nerve supplies sensation to what part of the hand?
Proximal dorsal aspect of the thumb and digits 2, 3 and the lateral half of four
What is seen in the stool of a patient infected with cryptosporidium?
Acid-fast oocysts 4-6 microns in diameter
Patient with ARDs, four corners region of the US, exposure to rodent (deer mouse) excrement are clues for infection with what organism?
Hantavirus
Hanta virus is part of what family of viruses?
Bunyaviridae
Delayed relaxation from hand shake is seen in what disease?
Adult onset myotonic dystrophy (DM1)
What is the inheritance pattern of adult onset myotonic dystrophy?
Autosomal dominant with CTG trinucleotide repeat
Histologically, what is seen in adult onset myotonic dystrophy?
Ring fibers and central nuclei
When does flow through coronary vessels peak?
During diastole
What is affect does ketoconazole have on CYP450?
Inhibits
What macrolides inhibit the CYP450 system?
Clarithromycin, erythromycin
What affect does ketoconazole have on warfarin?
Increases warfarin’s effects
What is the presenting sign of pancreatic adenocarcinoma?
Epigastric or back pain, or painless obstructive jaundice
Name five organisms that are catalase positive.
Staphylococci, pseudomonas, candida, aspergillus, enterobacteriaceae
What type of bacteria form abscesses?
Catalase producing bacteria
What part of the spinal cord is affected in spinal muscle atrophy?
Anterior (ventral) gray horn
Mutation in what protein is seen in Kartagener syndrome?
Dynein
What type of stones are seen in patients with chronic hemolytic disorders?
Calcium bilirubinate
During bacterial growth, at what phase are cell wall synthesis inhibitors most effective?
Rapid exponential growth (log phase)
What vein and artery provide circulation to the lower anal canale?
Inferior rectal
Hemorrhoids below the pectinate line arise from what vein?
Inferior rectal vein
External hemorrhoids arise from what vessel?
Inferior rectal vein
Internal hemorrhoids arise from what vessel?
Superior rectal vein
Lymph nodes above the pectinate line drain into what?
Iliac lymph nodes
Lymph nodes below the pectinate line drain into what?
Superficial inguinal nodes
What is the effect of chronically low serum Mg2+ levels?
Impairs parathyroid function - suppressing PTH release
What vessels supply the bladder?
Superior and inferior vesicle arteries
Superior and inferior vesicle arteries are supplied by what artery?
Internal iliac arteries
What is the attack rate?
Number of people infected divided by total number exposed
What are the characteristics of common variable immunodeficiency?
Onset in adolescence or adulthood, low levels of all immunoglobulins, mature B cells in the periphery, frequent bacterial infections
What cell type is low in common variable immunodeficiency?
Plasma cells; mature B cells fail to differentiate into plasma cells
