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Immunology Final > Quiz 5 Part 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 5 Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

B cells derive from what precursor

A

common lymphoid

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2
Q

The bone marrow generates around ______B cells per day

A

60 billion

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3
Q

The bone marrow generates around 60 billion B cells per day.
This this mean there are 60 billion B cells circulating in your blood/lymph

A

NO - these are kept as a reserve in case you get infected

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4
Q

B cells have how many distinct phases of development?

A

6

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5
Q

Do all B cells progress through all 6 stages of development?

A

NO. there are checkpoints where some B cells get “kicked out” before they go through all 6 stages

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6
Q

true or false:

only a fraction of B cells ever encounter an antigen

A

true

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7
Q

in B cell development:

phases 1-3 occur in __________

phases 4-6 occur in __________

A

phases 1-3 occur in PRIMARY lymphoid tissue (bone marrow and the thymus)

phases 4-6 occur in SECONDARY lymphoid tissue

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8
Q

state phases 1-3 of B cell development (occurs in primary lymphoid tissue)

A
  1. Assembly of a B cell receptor
  2. ELIMINATE B cells that bind “self” antigen
  3. B cell passes the test and is allowed to leave the bone marrow
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9
Q

“generation of diverse and clonally expressed B-cell receptors in the bone marrow.”

what phase of B cell development is this?
what is a “nickname” for this phase?

A

phase 1
“repertoire assembly”

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10
Q

“alteration, elimination, or inactivation of B cell receptors that bind to components of the human body”

what phase of B cell development is this?
what is a “nickname” for it?

A

phase 2
this is known as NEGATIVE SELECTION

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11
Q

“Promotion of a fraction of immature B cells to become mature B cells in the secondary lymphoid tissue”

What phase of B cell development is this?
what is a “nickname” for it?

A

3rd phase
POSITIVE SELECTION

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12
Q

If these B cell receptors DO recognize “self” and don’t get eliminated, what occurs?

A

an autoimmune disease

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13
Q

List phases 4-6 of B cell development (occurs in secondary lymphoid tissue)

A
  1. Factors in secondary lymphoid tissue attract circulating B cells
  2. B cell is activated by antigen in secondary lymphoid tissue
  3. Factors differentiate B cells into plasma cells
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14
Q

“recirculation of mature B cells between lymph, blood, and secondary lymphoid tissues”

what phase of B cell development is this?
what is an easier way to put it?

A

phase 4
searching for infection

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15
Q

“activation and clonal expansion of B cells by pathogen derived antigens in secondary lymphoid tissue”

what phase of B cell development is this?
what is an easier way to put it?

A

phase 5
finding infection

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16
Q

“differentiation to antibody-secreting plasma cells and memory B cells in secondary lymphoid tissue”

what phase of B cell development is this?
what does this mean in a nutshell

A

stage 6 (last stage)
attacking the infection

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17
Q

is the assembly of the B cell receptor dependent on genetics?

A

yes

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18
Q

Progression through phases of B cell development is accompanied by the expression of _________

A

surface makers

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19
Q

ALL hematopoietic stem cells express what surface marker?

A

CD34

20
Q

The expression of CD34 along with CD10 indicates what?

A

a common lymphoid progenitor

21
Q

expressing CD34 +CD10 + CD127 indicates what?

A

B cell precurso

22
Q

expressing CD34 + CD10 +CD127 +CD19 indicates what?

A

this is a pro B cell

23
Q

list the names of the 7 actual cells involved in B cell development (in order)

A

stem cell
early pro-B cell
late pro-B cell
large pre-B cell
small pre-B cell
Immature B cell

MATURE B CELL

24
Q

in which phases is somatic recombination happening?

explain

A

in early pro-B, D-J rearrangement is happening in the heavy chain

in late pro-B, V-DJ rearrangement is happening in the heavy chain

in small pre-B, V-J rearrangement is happening in the light chain

25
Q

when is RAG turned OFF

A

after V-DJ somatic recombination (late pro-B phase)

26
Q

what happens after RAG is turned off?

A

there is a heavy chain checkpoint during the large-pre-b phase

27
Q

besides the heavy chain checkpoint and RAG being turned off, what else is happening in the Large pre-B stage?

A

the mu heavy chain is made

28
Q

when does the light chain start being made?

A

RAG is back on
small pre-B stage

29
Q

the B cell receptor is assembled during which phase?

A

immature B cell

30
Q

at the heavy chain checkpoint, what exactly are you checking for?

what phase is this happening in?

A

making sure that the heavy chain you just made is capable of binding light chain

happening in large pre-B phase

31
Q

does an immature B cell exit the bone marrow? explain

A

YES

immature B cell exits the bone marrow with its B cell receptor, looking for an antigen.

32
Q

Are stromal cells lymphoid or non-lymphoid

A

non lymphoid

33
Q

where are stromal cells located?

A

in the bone marrow

34
Q

what is the general function of stromal cells?

A

to provide signals that are critical for B cell development

35
Q

name the TWO DISTINCT FUNCTIONS of stromal cells

A

-provide specific contacts that regulate development

-produce growth factors that act on B cells at different stages of development

36
Q

WHERE do most immature B cells make first contact with stromal cells?

A

in the subendosteum —a region proximal to the inner surface of bone

37
Q

most immature B cells make first contact with stromal cells in the SUBENDOSTEM (a region close to the inner surface of bone)

where do more mature B cells move?

A

medially toward the central cavity

38
Q

as development proceeds, do B cells require more or less contact with stromal cells?

A

B cells require less contact with stromal cells as they develop.
eventually, contact is lost and B cells can exit the bone marrow

39
Q

what do stromal cells use to create a strong contact between stromal cells and B cell precursors?

A

cell adhesion molecules (CAMs)

40
Q

what stem cell factor (growth factor) exists on the stromal cell?

A

SCF

41
Q

what is the name of the stem cell factor receptor on the B cell?

A

Kit

42
Q

in which phase of B cell development does SCF bind to Kit?

A

early pro B

43
Q

In which phase of B cell development does the stromal cell secrete a cytokine?
what is the same of the cytokine?
what is the name for the receptor of this cytokine on the B cell surface?

A

late pro-B
IL-7
IL-7R

44
Q

Growth factors promote _______

A

differentiation

45
Q
A

Immunology Final (12 decks)

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