Quiz 5

Question 1

What is the process of moving O2 and CO2 in and out of body tissues?

Answer 1

Diffusion.

Question 2

What are the four types of Hypoxia?

Answer 2

1. Hypoxic hypoxia.
2. Stagnant (ischemic) hypoxia.
3. Anemic hypoxia.
4. Histotoxic hypoxia.

Question 3

Describe and give examples of Hypoxic hypoxia

Answer 3

Inadequate O2 uptake into blood in lungs.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
ex. COPD, O2 supple malfunction.

Question 4

Describe and give examples of Stagnant (ischemic) hypoxia

Answer 4

Inadequate blood flow to an organ.
Arteriosclerosis PVD.
Ex. MI, Embolism

Question 5

Describe and give examples of Anemic hypoxia

Answer 5

Inadequate blood oxygen carrying capacity.
Inactivated hemoglobin.
ex. Low Hct

Question 6

Describe and give examples of Histotoxic hypoxia

Answer 6

Interference with mitochondrial respiration.

ex. cyanide poisoning

Question 7

How much oxygen do hemoglobin carry compare to plasma?

Answer 7

Hgb carries 65 times more O2 than plasma

Question 8

Describe the Structure of a hemoglobin

Answer 8

Oxygen carrier protein with 4 subunits= 2 alpha + 2 beta.

Normal adult Hgb is a2b2.

Question 9

Each gm of Hb can carry up to how much O2?

Answer 9

1gm Hgb can carry 1.31ml of O2

Question 10

What is the name of hemoglobin once O2 is combined?

Answer 10

Oxyhemoglobin

Question 11

What is dissociation between Hb and O2

Answer 11

Critically fast reaction important for O2 exchange.

Very loose coordination bonds between Fe2 and O2

Question 12

Oxygen saturation definition

Answer 12

Ratio of oxygen bound to Hb compared to total amount that can be bound

Question 13

Oxygen capacity definition

Answer 13

Maximal amount of O2 bound to Hb

Question 14

How many O2 molecules can be bound to one Hgb

Answer 14

Four

Question 15

Rough rule of SpO2 and PO2

Answer 15

PO2 40,50,60=SpO2 70,80,90

Question 16

Pathological Ligands of Hemoglobin

Answer 16

Ligands form covalent bonds to the ferrous iron in Hb.

Ex CO 250 times the affinity of O2.
NO 200,000 times the affinity of O2

Question 17

Explain what P50 is

Answer 17

The PO2 when hemoglobin is 50% saturated (SpO2=50%)

Question 18

Describe what a Left Shift is and what could cause it

Answer 18

More affinity.

Decreased PCO2, Increased pH, Decrease temp,

Question 19

Describe what a Right Shift is and what could cause it

Answer 19

Less affinity.
Increase PCO2, Decreased pH, Increase Temp
(all things you will see with active muscles/metabolism.

Question 20

What is the Bohr Effect?

Answer 20

An increase in H+ (lower pH) decreases Hb’s affinity for O2.

Question 21

What does stored blood transfusion do to the Hb-O2 dissassociation curve?

Answer 21

They are typically stored cold and significantly dimished levels of 2,3 DPG.

This would produce a leftward shift.

Question 22

What is Myoglobin

Answer 22

Single chained heme pigment found in skeletal muscle.

Mb stores O2 temporarily in muscle. Has increased affinity for O2.

Question 23

What is CaO2?

Answer 23

O2 Content in the blood

Question 24

What is the formula for CaO2

Answer 24

CaO2=(SO2 x Hb x 1.31) + (PO2 x 0.003)

Question 25

What is DO2?

Answer 25

DO2=oxygen delivery.

CaO2 x CO

Question 26

What is Carbon dioxide?

Answer 26

Volatile waste product of cellular metabolism

Question 27

Normal CO2 production in resting adult?

Answer 27

200ml/min

Question 28

Carbon dioxide is transported by blood in three forms:

Answer 28

1. Dissolved directly in blood.
2. Bicarbonate ion (HCO3) and Carbonic Acid (H2CO3) *main way.
3. Bound to Hgb and plasma proteins

Question 29

Are CO2 levels effected by V/Q mismatch?

Answer 29

No; Diffusing capacity 20x greater with CO2 than with O2.

Reason why even one lung ventilation is adequate for CO2 removal.

Question 30

Ability of CO2 to bind with Hgb increased or decreased with deoxygenated Hgb? Oxygenated Hgb?

Answer 30

Increased.

Decreased.

Question 31

What is the Haldane effect?

Answer 31

Upon binding O2HB releases CO2 and H+ which in turn is converted to CO2.

Question 32

What is the PO2 when the SpO2 is 50%

Answer 32

27