Quiz 5 Flashcards
What is the process of moving O2 and CO2 in and out of body tissues?
Diffusion.
What are the four types of Hypoxia?
- Hypoxic hypoxia.
- Stagnant (ischemic) hypoxia.
- Anemic hypoxia.
- Histotoxic hypoxia.
Describe and give examples of Hypoxic hypoxia
Inadequate O2 uptake into blood in lungs.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
ex. COPD, O2 supple malfunction.
Describe and give examples of Stagnant (ischemic) hypoxia
Inadequate blood flow to an organ.
Arteriosclerosis PVD.
Ex. MI, Embolism
Describe and give examples of Anemic hypoxia
Inadequate blood oxygen carrying capacity.
Inactivated hemoglobin.
ex. Low Hct
Describe and give examples of Histotoxic hypoxia
Interference with mitochondrial respiration.
ex. cyanide poisoning
How much oxygen do hemoglobin carry compare to plasma?
Hgb carries 65 times more O2 than plasma
Describe the Structure of a hemoglobin
Oxygen carrier protein with 4 subunits= 2 alpha + 2 beta.
Normal adult Hgb is a2b2.
Each gm of Hb can carry up to how much O2?
1gm Hgb can carry 1.31ml of O2
What is the name of hemoglobin once O2 is combined?
Oxyhemoglobin
What is dissociation between Hb and O2
Critically fast reaction important for O2 exchange.
Very loose coordination bonds between Fe2 and O2
Oxygen saturation definition
Ratio of oxygen bound to Hb compared to total amount that can be bound
Oxygen capacity definition
Maximal amount of O2 bound to Hb
How many O2 molecules can be bound to one Hgb
Four
Rough rule of SpO2 and PO2
PO2 40,50,60=SpO2 70,80,90
Pathological Ligands of Hemoglobin
Ligands form covalent bonds to the ferrous iron in Hb.
Ex CO 250 times the affinity of O2.
NO 200,000 times the affinity of O2
Explain what P50 is
The PO2 when hemoglobin is 50% saturated (SpO2=50%)
Describe what a Left Shift is and what could cause it
More affinity.
Decreased PCO2, Increased pH, Decrease temp,
Describe what a Right Shift is and what could cause it
Less affinity.
Increase PCO2, Decreased pH, Increase Temp
(all things you will see with active muscles/metabolism.
What is the Bohr Effect?
An increase in H+ (lower pH) decreases Hb’s affinity for O2.
What does stored blood transfusion do to the Hb-O2 dissassociation curve?
They are typically stored cold and significantly dimished levels of 2,3 DPG.
This would produce a leftward shift.
What is Myoglobin
Single chained heme pigment found in skeletal muscle.
Mb stores O2 temporarily in muscle. Has increased affinity for O2.
What is CaO2?
O2 Content in the blood
What is the formula for CaO2
CaO2=(SO2 x Hb x 1.31) + (PO2 x 0.003)
