Quiz 5

Question 1

Internal attribution

Answer 1

Explanations based on someone’s individual characteristics

• personality traits
• attitudes
• abilities

Question 2

External attributions

Answer 2

Explanations based on situations or events

Question 3

Fundamental attribution error

Answer 3

Tendency to make internal attributions for other peoples behavior (even when there is contradictory evidence)

Question 4

Self-serving bias

Answer 4

Attribute causes of our own behavior as internal or external to maximize credit for successes and minimize blame for failures

Question 5

Social cognition

Answer 5

Thinking about, remembering information and categorizing other people

Question 6

First impressions

Answer 6

First information influences us more than later information

People do not spend time to reverse unfavorable evaluations

Question 7

Self fulfilling prophecies

Answer 7

Expectations that change ones behavior to increase the likelihood of the predicted events

Question 8

Heuristics

Answer 8

Mental shortcuts to enable fast evaluations of others

Question 9

Representative heuristic

Answer 9

Tendency to categorize people based on one or a few characteristics

Question 10

Availability heuristic

Answer 10

Tendency to believe that the most memorable things about someone or a group of people are the most frequent, important and defining

Question 11

Regression fallacy

Answer 11

Extreme behaviors are most memorable and easiest to think of. Belief that when the behavior is less extreme/ more average the next time, it is a result of something you or someone else has done

Question 12

Attitudes - cognitive

Answer 12

Representative heuristics distinguish members of one group from those of another

Availability heuristics lead to overestimating the frequency or importance of distinctive characteristics

Question 13

Attitudes - affective

Answer 13

Feeling or emotional judgment about a particular group

Question 14

Attitudes - behavioral

Answer 14

Act in a certain way toward members of a perceived group (discrimination)

Question 15

Origins of prejudice

Answer 15

Authoritarian personality and parenting

Dissatisfaction and scapegoating

Intergroup competition

Social identity

Question 16

Social identity

Answer 16

Ingroups vs outgroups: positive attitudes towards ingroups, negative attitudes toward outgroups

Question 17

Group think

Answer 17

Tendency for group members to develop similar attitudes, opinions and actions

Question 18

Persuasive arguments: fear

Answer 18

Effective only if you can convince someone that the danger is real

Question 19

Persuasive arguments: similarity

Answer 19

People are persuaded more by speakers who are perceived as similar to themselves

Question 20

Group endorsement

Answer 20

People are persuaded more by arguments presented by a group with which they identify

Question 21

Forewarning effect

Answer 21

People will try to resist the message if they are told ahead of time that the message is intended to persuade them

Question 22

Inoculation effect

Answer 22

Presenting weak then strong arguments is less effective because if people reject your first argument, they are more likely your second argument

Question 23

Foot in the door technique

Answer 23

Once someone accepts a modest request, they are more likely to accept a larger request

Question 24

Door in the face technique

Answer 24

Once someone rejects a request, they are more likely to accept a second, more reasonable one

Question 25

Bait and switch technique

Answer 25

People are more likely to accept a deal they wouldn’t have (switch) if they were already committed to accepting a deal they can no longer have (bait)

Question 26

That’s not all technique

Answer 26

People are more likely to accept an offer if the offer is improved upon before they have accepted

Question 27

Informational conformity

Answer 27

The disagreeing individual comes to believe the correctness of the group opinion, and so agrees

Question 28

Normative conformity

Answer 28

The disagreeing individual fears the criticism of the group, and so agrees with the groups opinions

Question 29

Social loafing

Answer 29

The tendency to work less hard when completing a group task

Question 30

Developmental psychology

Answer 30

The study of changes in behavior that occur over time, from conception to death

Question 31

Maturational readiness

Answer 31

Assertion that individuals vary in the rate at which they develop motor behaviors, adaptive behaviors, language, and social behaviors

Question 32

Fetal period

Answer 32

Time which organs are formed

Question 33

Teratogens

Answer 33

Growth in the womb can be affected by exposure to disease, chemicals, and radiation