Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Path 3 > Quiz 5 > Flashcards

Quiz 5 Flashcards

1
Q

With congenital biliary atresia, where is the most common site affected?

A

common bile duct between liver and SI is blocked/absent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is one of the principal forms of chronic rejection of a transplanted liver allograft?

A

acquired biliary atresia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What do we call congenital cystic dilations of the bile ducts?

A

choledochal cysts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

When is a cheledochal cyst most likely to be detected?

A

before 10 yo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does choledocholithiasis mean?

A

a gallstone that has migrated into the ducts of the biliary tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is it called when a choledocholithiasis leads to an acute infection of the biliary tree?

A

ascending cholangitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What may result if a gallstone within the ampulla of Vater obstructs the exocrine pancreas?

A

pancreatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which two organism species are most likely to be involved in a acute cholangitis case?

A

E. coli

Bacteroides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What causes acute cholecystitis?

A

cholelithiasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What do you call cholecystitis when not caused by cholelithiasis?

A

acute acalculous cholecystitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Who is a greater risk for acute acalculous cholecystitis?

A

CAD pt.s.
trauma
immunosuppression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

This condition microscopically shows extensive ulceration of the mucosa, hemorrhage, edema and a dense transmural infiltrate of neuts and inflammatory cells.

A

acute cholecystitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the three types of gallstones?

A

cholesterol stones
pigment stones
mixed stones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

This stone is light-yellow to dark green or brown often with dark central spot. They are oval.

A

cholesterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what percentage of the stone much be cholesterol to be deemed a cholesterol stone?

A

80%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What three factors are important in gallstone formation?

A

high cholesterol concentration
the ability of the gallbladder to empty its contents
the presence of proteins and salts in the bile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What percentage of cholesterol is found in mixed stones?

A

20-80%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What other compounds are found in mixed stones?

A

calcium carbone
bilirubin
bile pigments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the cholesterol content of pigment stones?

A

<20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which two types of stones may be visible on xray?

A

mixed and pigment, depending on calcium content

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is happening with cholesterolosis? What is it’s other name?

A

abnormal deposition of cholesterol and triglyceride filled macrophages in the lamina propria of the gallbladder

strawberry gallbladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What condition is cholesterolosis often associated with?

A

chronic cholecystitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

If the gallbladder is opened and reveals hundreds of tiny bight yellow dots, what is the condition and what are the dots?

A

cholesterolosis/strawberry gallbladder

cholesterol filled macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

T/F. cholesterolosis predisposes a person to develop cholelithiasis and cholecystitis.

A

false

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What does the gallbladder look like, grossly, with chronic cholecystitis?

A

thickened wall is hallmark
shaggy, rough mucosal surface (inflammation, ulceration, necrosis)
m/b white and fibrous interior surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What does chronic cholecystitis look like microscopically?

A

increase in fibrous tissue
mild chronic inflammation of lamina propria
Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses seen in muscularis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Where is the gallstone in choledocholithiasis?

A

in the common bile duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the main cause of ascending cholangitis?

A

secondary infection due to obstruction of the bile duct

70-90% involve gallstones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

T/F. ascending cholangitis has a mortality rate >50%

A

false. not anymore. now 10-30%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what does ascending cholangitis look like histologically?

A

concentric/onion skin-like periductal fibrosis

looks like PSC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What populations are most at risk of adenocarcinoma of the gall bladder?

A

those with gall stone disease
males
~70yo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

T/F. The majority of gallbladder carcinomas are well differentiated.

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Are women or men more likely to have gall stone related pancreatitis?

A

women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What causes the majority of acute pancreatitis in men and is also the overall main cause of chronic pancreatitis?

A

alcohol

35
Q

What is the possible complication of acute pancreatitis?

A

abcess formation

36
Q

What is the single most common etiology of acute pancreatitis?

A

gallstones

37
Q

The pancreas is shrunken and fibrotic and the main duct is filled with calcified secretions. What is going on?

A

chronic pancreatitis

38
Q

What are the histologic findings of chronic pancreatitis?

A

enzymic fat necrosis
hemorrhage
inflammatory infiltrate

39
Q

What is a pseudo-cyst?

A

a complication of pancreatitis defined as:
a peri-pancreatic fluid collection containing high concentrations of pancreatic enzymes within a fibrous wall and WITHOUT AND EPITHELIAL LINING

40
Q

What does infected necrosis mean?

A

bacterial contamination of necrotic pancreatic tissue without abscess formation

41
Q

What are pancreatic abscesses most commonly associated with?

A

infected pseudocysts

42
Q

What percentage of pts. with recurrent pancreatitis with develop an abscess?

A

3-5%

43
Q

What is the mortality rate of pancreatic abscesses?

A

can exceed 20%

44
Q

What are the three types of benign tumors of the exocrine pancreas?

A

pseudopapillary tumor
serous cystademona
mucinous cytadenoma

45
Q

What are the two types of malignant tumors of the exocrine pancreas?

A

pancreatic adenocarcinoma

mucinous cytadenocarcinoma

46
Q

What do pseudopapillary tumors look like grossly?

A

round, well-demarcated
solid cyst areas
often with hemorrhage

47
Q

What do pseudopapillary tumors look like microscopically?

A

sheets of cells
uniform nuclei
eosinophilic/clear cytoplasm
PAS positive eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions

48
Q

What are the most frequent cystic tumors of the pancreas?

A

mucinous cystadenoma

49
Q

T/F. Borth serous cystadenomas and mucinous cystadenomas may become malignant if left untreated.

A

False. Only mucinous cystadenomas are likely to become malignant.

50
Q

What sex and age range are most at risk for mucinous cystadenoma?

A

females

49-59 yo

51
Q

What is the second most common cystic tumor of the pancreas?

A

serous cystadenoma

52
Q

What is the characteristic appearance of a serous cystadenoma?

A

honeycombed on CT

53
Q

What is condition is serous cystadenoma associated with?

A

von Hippel-Lindau syndrome

54
Q

What is von Hippel-Lindau syndrome?

A

genetic condition
cysts develop in the pancreas, liver and kidney
hemangioblastomas are found in different organs including cerebellum, spinal chord, kidney, retina

55
Q

What is the characteristic histology finding for serous cystadenoma?

A

small cysts in pancreas lined by ciliated cuboidal epithelium

56
Q

What is the most common type of pancreatic CA?

A

pancreatic adenocarcinoma

57
Q

From where in the pancreas does adeoncarcinoma arise?

A

exocrine component

primarily the pancreatic ducts

58
Q

What characterizes pancreatic tumors as neuroendocrine tumors?

A

when they arise from islets cells

59
Q

T/F. Pancreatic CA has a 1 and 5 year survival rate of 25% and 6%

A

true.

60
Q

What do you call microscopic lesions within the pancreas and intraductal papillary mucinous and mucinous cystic neoplasms?

A

pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN)

61
Q

What is the most common liver tumor?

A

hepatic hemangioma

62
Q

What is the most frequent form of primary liver cancer?

A

hepatocellular carcinoma

63
Q

T/F. Most liver CAs arise from another tissue (are secondary).

A

true

64
Q

Where is the most common site of the primary CA that metastasizes to the liver?

A

GI, esp colon

65
Q

What is a cavernous hemangioma? Are they bad?

A

dilated vascular spaces filled with blood

not usually but prone to bleed

66
Q

Who is at risk for cavernous hemangiomas and hepatic adenomas?

A

young women on OCPs

67
Q

What is a hepatic adenoma?

A

a benign glandular tumor of the liver

68
Q

Cells that closely resemble normal hepatocytes but are disorganized and are without normal lobular architecture. They are also slightly smaller, with less abundant cytoplasm and less eosinophilic. What are you looking at?

A

hepatic adenoma

69
Q

What are the two main types of primary carcinoma of the liver?

A

hepatocellular carcinoma

cholangiocarcinoma

70
Q

What cells do hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) arise from compared to choangiocarinomas?

A

hepatocellular carcinoma: hepatocytes

cholangiocarcinoma: bile duct epithelium

71
Q

Which Hepatitis virus is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma?

A

HBV

72
Q

T/F. Globally, hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common visceral tumor.

A

true

73
Q

What is the most common cause of HCC globally vs. in the US?

A

globally: HBV
US: cirrhosis from alcohol or HCV

74
Q

Histological findings: collagen fibrosis, loss of normal liver architecture, nuclear atypia. What is it?

A

HCC

75
Q

T/F. Infants who contract HBV at birth have a 100 fold risk of developing HCC.

A

False. 200x the risk

76
Q

What serum values may rise with HCC?

A

serum alpha-fetoprotein

m/b alk phos with an obstruction

77
Q

What are the risk factors for developing cholangiocarcinoma?

A

long standing inflammation

chronic injury of the biliary epithelium

78
Q

How are cholangiocarcinomas classified?

A

intrahepatic/extrahepatic

peripheral/hilar

79
Q

What is the most common form of cholangiocarcinoma and where does it develop?

A

peripheral cholangiocarcinoma

interlobular ducts of the liver

80
Q

What are the two tumor markers that are positive cholangiocarcinoma and often negative for HCC?

A

CA 19-9

CA-50

81
Q

Where is angiosarcoma found and from what cells does it arise?

A

skin and soft tissue organs such as breast and heart

endothelium

82
Q

What toxic exposure is associated with increase risk of hepatic angiosarcoma?

A

arsenic (plastics industry workers)

83
Q

Are transaminases usually elevated with mets to the liver?

A

no

Path 3 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions