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Cardiopulmonary Diagnostic (PFTs) > Quiz 5 > Flashcards

Quiz 5 Flashcards

1
Q

How is CO2 measured

A

CO2 electrode uses the Severinghaus electrode

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2
Q

What are some complications of pulse ox?

A
  • poor perfusion
  • cold or shivering
  • poor connection
  • fake nails or dar colored nails
  • florescent lighting
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3
Q

Stead wells water seal has a _____ version and a _____ version

A

wet and dry

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4
Q

Dry version rubber seal connects

A

bell to wall of container to bell rolls over itself

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5
Q

What is another name for bellows spirometer ?

A

Wedge spirometer

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6
Q

What is another name for flow sensing spirometer?

A

Pneumotachometer

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7
Q

Pneumotachometer measures the

A

flow of gas

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8
Q

There are 5 types of basic types of flow sensors, what are they?

A
  • turbine
  • pressure differential
  • heated-wire
  • pitot flow sensors
  • ultrasonic flow sensors
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9
Q

Turbine flow sensor is also called

A

wrights respirometer

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10
Q

Turbine flow sensor directly measure

A

gas volumes (Ve, VT,VC)

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11
Q

What is heated wire sensors based on?

A

the cooling effect of gas flow

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12
Q

Pitot flow sensor is the pressure of gas

A

flowing against small tubes is related to gas density and velocity

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13
Q

Pitot flow sensor usually has 2 sets of tubes so that

A

bidirectional flow can be measured

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14
Q

Pitot flow sensor is aslo used in the

A

exercise testing

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15
Q

Ultrasonic flow sensor uses frequency

A

sound waves across a stream of gas
“sound waves”

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16
Q

Two types of portable spirometry

A
  • interface w/ a computer
  • stand-alone devices that incorporate a microprocessor
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17
Q

Portable spirometer uses

A

disposable flow sensors

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18
Q

Recommendations for spirometer are set forth by the

A

National Lung Health Education Program

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19
Q

Peak flow is the

A

maximum inhalation followed by a forced expiration

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20
Q

What is the low range used for small children while performing a peak flow?

A

400 L/min

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21
Q

What is the high range used for adults?

A

850L/min
(less than 5% variability)

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22
Q

What are the 2 types of body plethysmography

A
  • constant volume
    ( pressure plethysmography)
  • variable volume (Flow plethysmography)
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23
Q

Boyle’s law states?

A

Pressure and volume vary inversely

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24
Q

body plethysmography is a

A

very accurate form of testing

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25
Q

With pressure plethysmography volume change

A

are inversely related to pressure change (if temp stays constant)

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26
Q

Flow plethysmography uses a

A

transducer in the box wall to measure volume changes in box

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27
Q

Both plethysmography use

A

flow sensors

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28
Q

Flow plethysmography is the most accurate

A

for measuring volumes

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29
Q

Free-breathing valves must be cautious of

A

dead space (must remain less than 100mL)

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30
Q

ABG analysis can be used to assess

A

gas exchange and acid-base status

31
Q

Normal PH

A

7.35-7.45

32
Q

PO2

A

70-100

33
Q

PCO2:

A

35-45

34
Q

BE

A

-2 to +2 mEq/L

35
Q

HCO3

A

22-26

36
Q

PVO2

A

40

37
Q

PVCO2

A

40-60

38
Q

Negative logarithm value of hydrogen ion in the blood used as a positive number

A

pH

39
Q

PCO2 is the measurement of partial pressure exerted by CO2 in the blood and is

A

inversely related to pH

40
Q

PO2 is the partial pressure exerted by the O2 content in the blood influenced by the

A

altitude and temp

41
Q

pH is measured in ___ ways

A

2

42
Q

Related to the PCO2 by the

A

Henderson Hasslebach equation

43
Q

Whole blood, blood obtained anaerobically diffused through a polarographic electrode called

A

Clark electrode

44
Q

As temperature increases

A

CO2 increases and inversely pH decreases

45
Q

What is the body’s response to an increased CO2 level?

A

To take take deeper and more breath (compensated), when this happens PO2 increases as well

46
Q

Where can abgs be performed from

A
  • usually radial or brachial artery
  • femoral
  • dorsalis pedis
  • posterior tibial
47
Q

Mixed venous sample come from the

A

Swan Ganz (pulmonary artery catheter)

48
Q

Venous samples form peripheral veins are not

A

useful for assessing oxygenation

49
Q

What happens when air is mixed in the sample?

A

it causes CO2 to go down, therefore pH goes up, PO2 reads high

50
Q

PCO2 correlates w/

A

ventilation

51
Q

Hypoventilation =

A

CO2 increases

52
Q

Hyperventilation =

A

CO2 decreases

53
Q

If dead space is increased the body’s natural response is to

A

increase ventilation to compensate

54
Q

Hypercapnia is defined as

A

excessive carbon dioxide in the bloodstream, typically caused by inadequate respiration

55
Q

Alveolar air equation

A

PAO2=(PB-H2O) x FiO2- (PaCO2 x 1.25)

56
Q

What can oxygen be estimated with?

A

SpO2; pulse ox

57
Q

Demand valves are also called

A

Demand flow regulators

58
Q

Demand valves require

A

pressure to trigger gas flow and responds to pt effort

59
Q

O2 analyzer polarographic is also called

A

Clark electrode

60
Q

Polargraphic is good for

A

monitoring during exercise testing but not metabolic studies

61
Q

Zirconium fuel cell can be used for

A

exercise and metabolic studies

62
Q

Zirconium fuel cell has a FAST response but

A

it has to be heated to 650- 800 degrees celsius

63
Q

What measures aterial pressure of o2?

A

polargraphic and zirconium

64
Q

Galvanic is the

A

most popular (no polarizing voltage needed)

65
Q

Gas chromatograph is very

A

accurate and can analyze multiple gases
(as many gases as it has tubes)

66
Q

Thermal conductivity analyzer utilizes

A

helium analyzers

67
Q

Chemoluminescent analyzers measures

A

nitric oxide (NO)

68
Q

Chemoluminescent analyzers are routinely used to assess

A

airway inflammation

69
Q

Ph electrode

A

Sanz electrode

70
Q

Paco2 elctrode

A

Severinghaus electrode

71
Q

PO2 electrode

A

clark electrode

72
Q

PO2 (clark) electrode needs

A

a polarizing voltage

73
Q

Portable blood gas analyzer provides

A

rapid results; accuracy is comparable to large machines

74
Q

Why can amenia may cause inaccurate ready with pulse ox

A

Anemia may cause the pulse ox to read higher than it truly is (estimates oxygenation at the tissue, it’s not a measure of PAO2)

Cardiopulmonary Diagnostic (PFTs) (6 decks)

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