Quiz 5

Question 1

What are some consequences of excess sediment on macrophytes (aquatic plants & algae)? (3)

Answer 1

1. reduced primary productivity/photosynthesis
2. reduced biomass
3. displaced plants

Question 2

What are some consequences of excess sediment on invertebrates (insect, larvae, zooplankton)? (3)

Answer 2

1. increased drift = reduced populations
2. increases susceptibility to predation
3. damages exposed respiratory organs

Question 3

What are some consequences of excess sediment on salmonids? (3)

Answer 3

1. increased stress, disease, mortality
2. habitat reduction
3. blocks pores in nests, preventing sufficient O2 exchange

Question 4

Consequences of excess sediment unrelated to biota? (2)

Answer 4

1. stream channel shape
2. sediments can have toxins sorbed to them

Question 5

What are the 4 steps for managing sediment pollution?
1. Identify _____.
2. Set _____ based on _____ of stream.
3. _____ source of _____.
4. Implement _____ management _____.

Answer 5

problem
goals - use
find - sediment
appropriate - practices

Question 6

Excess sediment management practices:
landscape

Answer 6

reduce soil erosion + increase infiltration

Question 7

Excess sediment management practices:
edge of water

Answer 7

slow water via buffer strips, wetlands, etc.

Question 8

Excess sediment management practices:
in-stream

Answer 8

dissipate energy + improve channel stability

Question 9

What are some examples of things utilized to dissipate stream energy?

Answer 9

meanders, log veins, rip rap

Question 10

TSS stands for?

Answer 10

Total Suspended Solids

Question 11

Trophic state: eutrophic (green)

Answer 11

highly productive - lots of algal/plants biomass

Question 12

Trophic state: oligotrophic

Answer 12

low productivity - clear, blue

Question 13

Hypoxic Zones: excess ____ and/or ____ that lead to algal _____. When the algae _____ & _____, this creates ______ or a Dead Zone.

Answer 13

N - P / bloom / die - decompose / hypoxia

Question 14

Drinking water contamination is a _____ of nutrient pollution. NO3 or ____ is toxic to humans & highly ____.

Answer 14

consequence - nitrate - mobile

Question 15

HABs or __(3)__ can harbor a toxin called _____ that is toxic to _____.

Answer 15

harmful algal blooms - cyanobacteria - mammals

Question 16

______ concentration (pigment in algae) that is used as a ____ for the algal population.

Answer 16

chlorophyll a - proxy

Question 17

Trophic State Index is a combination of ____, _____ and transparency.

Answer 17

total phosphorous - chlorophyll a

Question 18

Stored N & P can be found in soil ____, vegetation, dead stuff such as ___ ___, atmosphere (78% N2), minerals like _____, and sorbed to _____,

Answer 18

OM - leaf litter - apatite - soils

Question 19

N & P pathways include infiltration & ____, especially nitrate or ____, which is highly ____ and moves readily in water.

Answer 19

interflow - NO3 - mobile

Question 20

N & P pathways include ____ or particulates like soil & leaves. This is an especially important pathway for ___.

Answer 20

runoff - phosphorous

Question 21

A nitrogen environmental pathway that involves dissolved N2 conversion to ammonia (NH3) or NO3 and algae.

Answer 21

N fixation

Question 22

Humans contribute to the N & P pathways through _____ using fertilizer, manure and ____. While ____ can be treated, it does not get everything out. Too concentrated ____ waste & leaves and ____ deposition via fossil fuel burning and CAFOs.

Answer 22

agriculture - irrigation - wastewater - pet - atmospheric

Question 23

Management processes for N & P in environment include NO3 conversion to N2 called _____. This involves permanent removal by ____ under certain conditions such as _____ or saturated sediments.

Answer 23

denitrification - microbes - wetlands

Question 24

N & P management processes include _____ uptake where N is consumed by _____.

Answer 24

biological - organisms (plants, bacteria, algae)

Question 25

P Sorption is when P ____ to soils & sediments. It is released when there is no ____ which is called “internal ____” because the source is coming from ____ the ecosystem.

Answer 25

sorbs or sticks - O2 - loading - within

Question 26

What are some sources of PPCPs? (5)

Answer 26

Antibiotics, RXs, Hormones, Fragrances, Antioxidants

Question 27

A consequence of PPCPs is reduced _____ in aquatic invertebrates. The main way to treat this is to do a ____ job of treating _____.

Answer 27

respiration - better - wastewater

Question 28

Biomagnification is when a substance is not ____ and is stored in __(2)__ and _____ as it moves up the food web.

Answer 28

metabolized - fatty tissue - accumulates

Question 29

Plastic is defined as a synthetic ____ with a ____ backbone.

Answer 29

polymer - carbon

Question 30

Microplastics are classified as less than ____ in length.

Answer 30

5mm

Question 31

Microplastics Environmental Consequences: disrupt _____ systems of organisms, accumulation in ____ and interrupt ______.

Answer 31

endocrine - gut - digestion

Question 32

Microplastics Environmental Consequences: can interfere with cellular _____ uptake and certain chemicals _____ to plastic can be harmful.

Answer 32

nutrient - sorbed

Question 33

Microplastics Environmental Consequences: microplastics can serve as a _____ for invasive spp and create novel ecosystems due to the _____ that form.

Answer 33

vector (raft) - biofilms