QUiZ 5 Flashcards
what is the definition monogamy
male and female form pair bond where both parents care for young
what is the definition of polygyny
Male mates with several females, each
female mates with only 1 male
note: usually female provides parental care
what is the definition og polyandry
female mates w several males
note: male usually provides parental care
definition of promiscuity
Both males and females mate several times
with different individuals
two preconditions for polygamy
- degree to which multiple mates or the resources needed for multiple mates is economically defendable (EPP)
- the ability of animals to use the polygamy potential
two factors that effect EPP
- Spatial distribution of resources
- Temporal distribution of mates
what is Operational Sex Ratio (OSR)
temporal distribution of potential mates
what is resource defense polygyny
males defend resources essential for females (indirect control)
what is Female (harem) Defense Polygyny
- Females gregarious for reasons
unrelated to reproduction - Males control access to females directly
what is Male Dominance Polygyny
- Mates or resources cannot be economically monopolized
- Males aggregate, sort themselves out based on dominance status
- Females choose males based on male status
what is Resource Defense Polyandry
Females compete/ defend
resources necessary for males
Female Access
Polyandry
Females limit access to
males through their interactions
when should monogamy evolve
- If multiple mates, or resources they need, are
NOT economically defendable (LOW EPP) - If animals are unable to capitalize on EPP
what is the definition of altruism
acting to increase another individual’s
lifetime fitness at a cost to one’s own survival and
reproduction
Rules individuals use to recognize kin
- recognition by spatial distribution
- recognition by social learning
- phenotype matching
what predictions does the polygyny threshold model make
prediction about the evolution of polygyny based on female choice.
what does the coefficient of relatedness (r) represent
probability that a gene in one individual is identical by decent to a gene in another individual
fitness can be partitioned into 2 components
- direct fitness: number of offspring an individual has
- indirect fitness: the number of offspring your relative produces w your help.
what does B and C stand for in altruistic evolution
B: benefit to the recipiant
C: cost to the altruist
when one sex becomes limiting where does the OSR skew
(100 M: 10 F 10:1 (skewed toward males)
increase in intrasexual competition
When OSR skewed toward males
intrasexual competition increases among males (polygyny) tend to monopolize
When OSR skewed toward females
intrasexual competition should increase among females (polyandry) tend to monopolize
