quiz

Question 1

a continuous molecule of DNA with associated proteins

Answer 1

A chromosome

Question 2

22 homologous pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes

Answer 2

diploid

Question 3

type of cell division that gives rise to haploid gametes

Answer 3

meiosis

Question 4

fertilization

Answer 4

unites gametes and restores the diploid number (46)

Question 5

Mendel studied pea plants because…?

Answer 5

Developed quickly
Produce abundant offspring
Easy to breed

Question 6

Self-fertilization yields only offspring identical to the parent

Answer 6

True Breeding

Question 7

hybrid

Answer 7

Characteristics from 2 different parents

Question 8

wildtype

Answer 8

Allele that is the most common in a population

Question 9

testcross

Answer 9

Reveals an unknown genotype by breeding the individual to a homozygous recessive individual

Question 10

Mendel’s Law of Segregation

Answer 10

Two alleles of the same gene separate into different gametes

Question 11

Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment and Meiosis

Answer 11

Inheritance of 1 gene does not affect the inheritance of another gene on a different chromosome
Independent Assortment occurs because homologous pairs of chromosomes align randomly during Metaphase I of Meiosis

Question 12

linked genes

Answer 12

located on the same chroosomes

Question 13

linkage groups

Answer 13

collections of genes that are often inherited together

Question 14

crossing over

Answer 14

farther apart two linked genes are on a chromosomes

Question 15

Incomplete dominance

Answer 15

Heterozygotes for alleles with incomplete dominance have phenotypes intermediate between those of the two homozygotes

Question 16

codominance

Answer 16

Codominant alleles are both expressed in a heterozygote

Question 17

Epistasis

Answer 17

One gene masks the effect of another

Question 18

pleiotropic

Answer 18

• Gene affects multiple phenotypes
• When multiple proteins participate in a biochemical pathway, mutations in genes encoding any of the proteins can produce the same phenotype

Question 19

What can alter phenotype?

Answer 19

environmental and genetic influences

Question 20

polygenic traits

Answer 20

depend on more than one gene

can vary continuously in its expression

Question 21

pedigree

Answer 21

Trace phenotypes in families and reveal modes of inheritance

Question 22

autosomal dominant

Answer 22

• Disorder can be inherited from one affected parent
• Huntington disease-uncontrolled movements
• Marfan syndrome– Long limbs, weakened aorta
• Polydactyl- Extra fingers, toes or both

Question 23

autosomal recessive

Answer 23

• Disorder must be inherited from both parents
• X-linked recessive disorders affect mostly males
• Cystic fibrosis-lung infection, infertility
• Albinism-lack of pigmentation
• Tay-Sachs disease- nervous system degeneration

Question 24

x-linked recessive disorders

Answer 24

**affect more males than females
Hemophilia A – Uncontrolled bleeding
Red-green color blindness
Duchenne Muscular dystrophy-muscle degeneration

Question 25

x-linked dominant disorders

Answer 25

Extra hairiness-more hair follicles | Retinitis pigmentosa- defects in retina cause partial blindness

Question 26

x-inactivation

Answer 26

- prevents “doubling dosing” of proteins | - shuts off all but one X chromosome in female mammals

Question 27

LOOK AT SLIDE 9

Answer 27

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