Quiz Flashcards
1
Q
BMR
A
energy needed to sustain the body in the postabsorptive state with no food intake for at least 12 hours prior and no exercise for at least several hours
2
Q
RMR
A
body’s energy requirement during rest, typically only slightly higher than BMR and is measured in less rigid conditions
3
Q
Body composition
A
determined by the percent of fat mass and fat-free mass
4
Q
BMI
A
numerical value derived from an individual’s height and weight. kg/m
5
Q
Ectomorph
A
person with body build marked predominantly of tissues from ectoderm; linear body with sparse muscular development
6
Q
Endomorph
A
person with a body build marked by a predominance of tissue derived from the endoderm, round but average to above average lean muscle mass and higher body fat
7
Q
Mesomorph
A
body build characterized by predominance of tissue derived from the mesoderm; higher lean muscle mass and lower to average body fat
8
Q
Anoid body type
A
Apple shaped; manlike, more fat in the abdominals
9
Q
Gynoid
A
Pear shaped; womanlike, more fat in thighs
10
Q
Caloric Output
A
BMR plus caloric burn from physical activity
11
Q
Caloric Input
A
Caloric intake during a day
12
Q
Dietary induced thermogenesis
A
energy to digest, absorb, and assimilate nutrients and the stimulating effect of this process on metabolism, 10% of caloric output but is increased if there is a higher protein or alcohol intake and lower if there is a higher fat consumption
13
Q
Fat mass
A
equals the total body mass multiplied by the percent of body fat
14
Q
Hyperplasia
A
increase in the number of fat cells; occurs in the last trimester before birth, first year of life, and during adolescence
15
Q
Hypertrophy
A
Increase in the size of fat cells
16
Q
Lean body mass
A
total body mass minus fat mass
17
Q
Obese
A
women: 40%
men: 30%
18
Q
Overfat
A
Women: 30-39.9%
Men: 20-29.9%
19
Q
Overweight
A
BMI >25
20
Q
Set point theory
A
humans have a set point at which weight is held within a particular range
21
Q
Densitometry
A
based upon the principle of tissue density; ratio of body mass to body volume. Muscle tissue is more dense and thus takes up more space than fat tissue; comparing body mass to body volume
22
Q
Underwater Densitometry
A
considered the gold standard to assess body composition because it is based upon principles advanced by Archimedes; deals with displaced fluid
23
Q
Air Densitometry (Plethysmography)
A
Converts the body density into percent body fat by assess the amount of air displaced
24
Q
DEXA
A
Highly valid method to predict percent body fat, also measures total bone mineral
25
Fatfold/Skinfold Technique
Use of calipers to measure thickness of fatfold
26
Anthropometric Measurements
Circumference technique to assess body fat; likely overestimates body fat in muscled patients
27
Bioelectrical Impedance
small alternating current flowing between two electrodes passes more rapidly through those with hydrated fat free body tissue than those with greater fat content
28
Near Infrared Interactance
uses the technique of light absorption and reflection to estimate the chemical composition of the body
29
Self concept
Personal feelings about themselves and strengths/weaknesses and develop image of self from others opinions
30
Self confidence
Belief that we can successfully execute a specific activity or task
31
Self efficacy
specific form of self confidence based on a situation
32
Environmental wellness
individual’s relationship with the environment or external world
33
Family wellness
adult relations and marriage, children and parenting, family economics, family communication and conflict resolution, family stress and coping
34
Intellectual Wellness
perception of being internally energized by an optimal amount of intellectually stimulating activity
35
Mental Wellness
global orientation that expresses the extent to which one has a pervasive, enduring though dynamic feeling of confidence that ones’ internal and external environments are predictable and that there is a high probability that things will work out well as can reasonably be expected
36
Hardiness
personality style characterized by a perception of problems as challenges rather than as threats, a sense of commitment rather than alienation, and a sense of control rather than powerlessness
37
Locus of Control
the tendency to believe whether the outcomes of our actions are contingent on what we do or on events outside our personal control
38
Occupational Wellness
involves achieving a balance between work and leisure in a way that promotes a sense of personal satisfaction and health
39
Social Wellness
the perception of having support available from family or friends in times of need and the perception of being a valued support provider
40
Anxiety
Characterized by excessive worrying, occurring more days than not for a period of at least 6 months; it is out of proportion
41
Adjustment Disorder
Clinically significant emotional or behavioral symptoms in response to an identifiable psychosocial stressor(s)
42
Impaired mental Wellness: stress/anxiety
Individual does not meet the diagnosis criteria for stress disorder, anxiety, anxiety disorder, or adjustment disorder
43
Major Depression
Depressive episode that last at least two weeks during in which there is either a depressed mood or the loss of interest or pleasure in nearly all activities; at least four symptoms of: changes in appetite or weight, psychomotor activity, and sleep; difficulty concentrating, thinking, or making decisions; feelings of guilt or worthlessness; decreased energy; or suicide ideation, plans or attempts or recurrent thoughts of suicide
44
Minor Depression
Similar to major depression but is accompanied by two to four additional symptoms and involves less of an impairment
45
Impaired Mental Wellness: Depression
Individual does not meet the diagnostic criteria for depression but may have a loss of interest, difficulty concentrating, making decisions, and/or decreased energy
46
Impaired Emotional Wellness: Self Esteem
Presents with poor self-esteem; it can adversely affect their ability to participate in and benefit from physical therapy
47
Body Dysmorphic Disorder
Type of somatoform disorder in which the patient is preoccupied with an imagined or exaggerated defect in physical appear
48
Anorexia Nervosa
Refusal to maintain even a minimally low body weight (
49
Binge Eating
Binge eating is characterized by feeling powerless to food and feel emotional distress, guilt, and depression
50
Night Eating Syndrome
Skipping breakfast 4 or more days per week, consuming more than one half of the total caloric intake after 7 PM, difficulty sleeping more than 4 or more days per week
51
Malingering
Intentional production of false or grossly exaggerated physical or psychological symptoms, motivated by external incentives such as avoiding military duty, work, obtaining financial compensation
52
Factitious Disorder
Intentional production of psychological or physical symptoms or signs and motivated to assume the sick role without other external incentives
53
Non Compliance with Treatment
Maladaptive coping styles or personality traits, personal value judgements, cultural or religious beliefs about disadvantages and advantages of treatment
54
Impaired Social Wellness
Patient is antisocial and is otherwise a functional and productive member of society
55
Psychoanalytic Theory
1. Causality (how unconscious affects actions
2. Notion that people do anything to get pleasure and avoid pain
3. The notion that people are inherently bad and we compete against each other
56
Adlerian Theory
1. Holistic view of the patient
2. Notion that people are fellow human beings are neither good or bad
3. Freedom of choice
4. Social interest
5. Goal of therapy is competence
57
Jungian Psychoanalysis
1. Self-knowledge and the potential for self-healing
| 2. Symptoms hold the key to a cure
58
Person Centered Therapy
1. Trust and unconditional positive regard
2. Patient is the locus of evaluation and should experience his/her self and the world with flexibility and openness
3. “actualizing tendency” where everyone has an internal motivation to develop their potential to the fullest potential to fullest possible extent
59
Behavior Therapy
Seeks to exchange maladaptive/undesirable behaviors with healthy behaviors; divides into classical conditioning, operant conditioning, social learning theory
60
Cognitive Therapy
1. Determine how the function developed
2. Apply the inductive model
3. Determine a hypothesis
4. Initiate a cognitive shift
5. Conduct verbal discussions and behavioral experiments
6. Examine the alternatives
7. Perform readjustments as indicated
61
Rational Emotive Therapy
Our daily activating events cause us to think about and interpret what is happening and that is what forms our belief about these events
62
Reality Therapy
Belief that most human problems are based on unsatisfactory or no relationships with those we need so the focus is learning how to make or enhance connects with others now rather than dwell on the past
63
Multimodal Therapy
All humans think, experience, and respond to our environment and other people through our senses
64
PTSD-How does it happen
Develops after terrifying ordeal involving physical harm or threat of physical harm; may happen to the individual or they watch it happen
65
PTSD-caused by
car accidents, mugging, rape, torture, being kidnapped, train wrecks, plane crashes, bombings
Can be caused by genes; effects amygdala and prefrontal cortex
66
PTSD signs and symptoms
Re-experiencing symptoms
Avoidance
Hyperarousal
67
PTSD-Children's reactions vs. Adults
Children: bedwetting, forgetting how to talk, acting out the scary event, being unusually clingy
Older children: develop disruptive, disrespectful, or destructive behaviors, may feel guilty for not preventing the event, may have thoughts of revenge
68
PTSD-Risk factors
living through dangerous events and traumas, having history of mental illness, getting hurt, watching people killed or hurt, feeling horror, helplessness, having little or not social support after the event, dealing with extra stress after the event
69
PTSD-Resilience factors
Seeking out support from other people, finding a support group, feeling good about own actions, having a coping strategy, being able to act and respond effectively despite feeling fear
70
PTSD-Diagnosis
Symptoms usually begin within 3 months of the incident but occasionally emerge years afterward.
They must last more than a month to be considered PTSD.
The course of the illness varies. Some people recover within 6 months, while others have symptoms that last much longer. In some people, the condition becomes chronic.
To be diagnosed with PTSD, a person must have all of the following for at least 1 month:
At least one re-experiencing symptom
At least three avoidance symptoms
At least two hyperarousal symptoms
71
Exposure therapy
Patient exposed to repeated exposure of stressful stimuli
This therapy helps people face and control their fear.
It exposes them to the trauma they experienced in a safe way.
It uses mental imagery, writing, or visits to the place where the event happened.
The therapist uses these tools to help people with PTSD cope with their feelings.
72
Cognitive Restructuring
This therapy helps people make sense of the bad memories.
Sometimes people remember the event differently than how it happened.
They may feel guilt or shame about what is not their fault.
The therapist helps people with PTSD look at what happened in a realistic way
73
Social Isolation
Patient educated about anxiety symptoms and coping mechanisms
This therapy tries to reduce PTSD symptoms by teaching a person how to reduce anxiety.
Like cognitive restructuring, this treatment helps people look at their memories in a healthy way.
