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GN Cadetship > Quiz #4 Reviewer > Flashcards

Quiz #4 Reviewer Flashcards

1
Q

______ is the fuel of the ______.

A

Energy, global economy

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2
Q

______– a complex system that starts with ______ from a variety of sources and then moves to ______, ______, ______, and ______.

A

Energy Harnessing Network, extraction, transformation, storage, distribution, final utilization

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3
Q

______ are required to ensure that the world’s economy is fueled in a ______ and ______ responsible way that is also ______.

A

Innovative solutions, socially, environmentally, economic

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4
Q

______ is the field of activities focused on obtaining sources of energy from natural resources.

A

Energy development

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5
Q

______ may be classified as ______, where the resource can be used in substantially its original form, or as ______, where the energy source must be converted into a more conveniently useable form.

A

Energy resources, primary resources, secondary resources

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6
Q

Enumerate (4) conventional industries:

A
  • Petroleum industry
  • Natural gas industry
  • Electrical power industry
  • Nuclear industry
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7
Q

______ are those that recover their ______ in a ______ significant by human ______.

A

Renewable resources, capacity, time, needs

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8
Q

______ are those that are significantly ______ by human usage and that will not recover their ______ significantly during human lifetimes.

A

Non-renewable resources, depleted, potential

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9
Q

______ is electrical current used as a power source.

A

Electricity

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10
Q

______ is generated in a power plant, and then sent out over a ______ to your homes, and ultimately to your ______.

A

Electric current, power grid, power outlets

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11
Q

Luzon grid:

A

500 kV

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12
Q

Visayas & Mindanao grid:

A

230 kV

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13
Q

Former Mindanao grid:

A

138 kV, 69 kV, 34.5 kV

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14
Q

Cooperatives like Penelco:

A

13.8 kV or 13.2 kV

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15
Q

Industrial/residential/commercial grid:

A

480/240 V

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16
Q

Meralco grid:

A

34.5 kV

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17
Q

GNPD grid

A

26 kV

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18
Q

GMEC grid

A

18 kV

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19
Q

Electric current generation:

A

Magnets + Copper wire + Motion = Electricity

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20
Q

______ made the discovery of Electromagnetic Induction

A

Michael Faraday

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21
Q

If you place a magnet and a conductor (copper wire) in a room together, electric current will be generated.

A

FALSE

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22
Q

______ is the source of mechanical energy for a rotating electric generator.

A

Prime mover

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23
Q

A ______is a mechanical device that is forced to rotate by the pressure of gas (______ for thermal units, ______ for wind units, ______ for gas units) or ______ (such as water for hydro units).

A

turbine, steam, air, flue gas, fluid

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24
Q

Electricity delivered:

A

(1) Power plant -> step-up transformer -> tower, (2) transmission substation, (3) distribution substation, (4) transformers, (5) home

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25
Q

A ______ or a ______ is basically an industrial (power industry) location that is utilized for the ______ and ______ of electric power in mass scale, usually in the order of several ______ watts.

A

power plant, power generation station, generation, distribution, 1000

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26
Q

______ is a rotating machine that is equipped to convert energy from the ______ (rotating turbine) into ______ by creating relative motion between the magnetic field and the conductors.

A

AC alternator or generator, mechanical domain, electrical domain

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27
Q

3 major classifications for power production:

A

(a) Nuclear power generation, (b) Hydro-electric power generation, (c) Thermal power generation

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28
Q

The ______ is the unitless ratio of an ______ electrical energy output over a given period of time to the ______ possible electrical energy output over that period.

A

net capacity factor, actual, maximum

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29
Q

Nuclear power plants emit greenhouse gases, but are not easily destroyed by natural calamities.

A

FALSE

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30
Q

The ______ is the world’s largest producers of nuclear power.

A

United States

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31
Q

Top 10 Nuclear Power Producers:

A

(1) United States
(2) France
(3) China
(4) Russia
(5) South Korea
(6) Canada
(7) Ukraine
(8) Germany
(9) UK
(10) Sweden

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32
Q

In ______, the steam is made by heat generated from ______.

A

nuclear power stations, nuclear fission

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33
Q

______ is when atom split, releasing ______ amounts of energy in the form of heat.

A

Nuclear fission, enormous

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34
Q

______ is used as fuel because it breaks apart easily when it collides with a neutron.

A

Uranium 235

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35
Q

Operating pressure of a subcritical boiler

A

17 MPa

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36
Q

______ – to keep the water in the reactor from boiling. This allows it to heat to ______.

A

Pressurized Water Reactors, super-high levels

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37
Q

______ use boiling water directly to create the steam to drive the generator.

A

Boiling Water Reactors

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38
Q

2 types of nuclear power plants:

A

(1) Pressurized Water Reactors (PWR), (2) Boiling Water Reactors (BWR)

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39
Q

Six key reactor attributes:

A
  • Cost-effectiveness
  • Safety
  • Security and nonproliferation
  • Grid appropriateness
  • Commercialization roadmap
  • Fuel cycle
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40
Q

To remove the heat from a nuclear reactor, ______ is used.

A

coolant

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41
Q

______ is a material such as ______ or ______, that is used in a reactor to slow down ______ neutrons. Thus, increasing the likelihood of fission.

A

Moderator, ordinary H2O heavy water, graphite, high velocity

42
Q

This incident involved a relatively minor malfunction in the secondary cooling circuit which caused the temperature in the primary coolant to rise.

A

Three Mile Island

43
Q

This power plant involved a 1000-MW (electrical) BWR, graphite-moderated, direct-cycle reactor. An accident was initiated during a test of reactor coolant pump operability from the reactor’s own turbine generators.

A

Chernobyl

44
Q

______ refers to the ______ and ______ that launched civil nuclear power. This kind of reactor typically ran at power levels that were “______.”

A

Gen I, prototype, power reactors, proof-of-concept

45
Q

NRC

A

Nuclear Regulatory Commission

46
Q

PWR

A

Pressurized Water Reactor

47
Q

BWR

A

Boiling Water Reactor

48
Q

GCR

A

Gas Cooled Reactor

49
Q

PHWR

A

Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor

50
Q

LWGR

A

Light Water Graphite Reactor

51
Q

The ______ is a substance which is used as a conductor of heat. It ______ the thermal energy generated through fission.

A

coolant, absorbs

52
Q

The ______ is a substance which slows down the speed of the fission reaction.

A

moderator

53
Q

The ______ is responsible for ______ and the ______ is used for the sustainable chain reaction.

A

coolant, steam generating, moderator

54
Q

______ refers to a class of commercial reactors designed to be ______ and ______.

A

Gen II, economical, reliable

55
Q

CANDU

A

Canada Deuterium Uranium

56
Q

AGR

A

Advanced Gas-cooled Reactors

57
Q

VVER

A

Vodo-Vodyanoi Energetichesky Reactors

58
Q

______ (LWR) use ______ active safety features involving electrical or mechanical operations that are initiated ______ and, in many cases, can be initiated by the operators of the nuclear reactors.

A

Light Water Reactors, traditional, automatically

59
Q

KSNP

A

Korean Standard Nuclear Power Plant

60
Q

Gen II’s four safety system:

A

(1) Mark I BWR containment structures
(2) Common mode emergency core cooling capability resulting from loss of emergency backup power
(3) The performance of mixed-oxide fuel in Gen II reactor designs
(4) Critical safety analyses of the various extant used fuel cooling pool designs

61
Q

An array of fuel channels, containing the reactor fuel passes through a large cylindrical vessel called ______ which contains the ______and ______.

A

calandria, heavy water moderator, reflector

62
Q

A ______ is a type of light water reactor that uses ______ as the moderator and coolant.

A

pressurized water reactor, ordinary water

63
Q

The PWR plant is the most common type of nuclear power reactor in the world.

A

TRUE

64
Q

A PWR has ______ water systems.

A

two

65
Q

A major difference between western designed PWRs and the VVERs is that the latter have horizontal steam generators.

A

TRUE

66
Q

______ nuclear reactors are essentially Gen II reactors with evolutionary, ______ design improvements. These improvements are in the areas of ______, ______, ______, ______ (especially the use of passive rather than active systems), and ______.

A

Gen III, state-of-the-art, fuel technology, thermal efficiency, modularized construction, safety systems, standardized design

67
Q

ABWR

A

Advanced Boiling Water Reactor

68
Q

AECL

A

Atomic Energy of Canada Limited

69
Q

______ reactor designs are an evolutionary development of Gen III reactors, offering significant improvements in _____ over Gen III reactor designs certified by NRC in the 1990s.

A

Gen III+, safety

70
Q

EPR

A

European Pressurized Reactor

71
Q

ESBWR

A

Economic Simplified Boiling Water Reactor

72
Q

______, or ______ implies a system of reactors and nuclear fuel cycle facilities – fuel ______ and ______ – that together may manage the ______ often associated with nuclear power of today.

A

Fourth generation nuclear power, Generation IV, fabrication plants, reprocessing facilities, weaknesses

73
Q

Generation IV reactors are considered safer yet less efficient.

A

FALSE

74
Q

GIF

A

Generation IV International Forum

75
Q

The ______ is an international organization that coordinates the development of generation IV reactors – specifically selected ______ as candidates for generation IV reactors.

A

Generation IV International Forum (GIF), six reactor technologies

76
Q

6 chosen designs for Gen IV:

A

(1) GFR – Gas-cooled Fast Reactor
(2) LFR – Lead-cooled Fast Reactor
(3) MSR – Molten Salt Reactor
(4) SFR – Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor
(5) SCWR – Supercritical-water-cooled Water Reactor
(6) VHTR – Very High Temperature Reactor

77
Q

The majority of reactors in operation around the world are considered second generation and third generation reactor systems, as the majority of the first generation systems have been retired.

A

TRUE

78
Q

The ______ designs operate at much higher temperatures than prior generations. This allows for ______ or for ______ for the efficient production of hydrogen and the synthesis of ______.

A

very-high-temperature reactor, high temperature electrolysis, sulfur-iodine cycle, carbon-neutral fuels

79
Q

The ______ is an industrial process involving various steps to produce electricity from ______ in nuclear power reactors.

A

nuclear fuel cycle, uranium

80
Q

If ______ is not reprocessed, the fuel cycle is referred to as an ______ fuel cycle (or a once-through fuel cycle); if the spent fuel is reprocessed, it is referred to as a ______ fuel cycle.

A

spent fuel, open, closed

81
Q

Nuclear power plants don’t emit any greenhouse gases, unlike coal and natural gas. As a result, they don’t contribute to climate change.

A

TRUE

82
Q

Nuclear power generation had the most expensive operating cost.

A

FALSE

83
Q

______, a unit of electric power used in the electric power industry.

A

MWe (“megawatt electrical”)

84
Q

PROS & CONS of nuclear power plant

A

PROS:
- Carbon-free electricity
- Small land footprint
- Reliable baseload electricity source

CONS:
- Uranium is technically non-renewable.
- Very high upfront
- Nuclear waste

85
Q

Power Generation, Nuclear Energy:

A

Heat generated by fission + Heat transfer to a heat exchanger + Steam flow (from heat exchanger coolant) = steam drives a steam turbine (rotational motion)

86
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of hydro power plants

A

ADVANTAGES:
- Requires no fuel
- Neat and clean energy generation
- Simple construction and less maintenance
- Helps in irrigation and food production

DISADVANTAGES:
- High capital cost (dam construction)
- Availability of water
- Require higher transmission cost (usual remote locations)

87
Q

Power Generation, Hydro Power:

A

Potential energy of stored water + KE + mass of water combined PE & KE = water drives a water turbine (rotational motion)

88
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of thermal power plants

A

ADVANTAGES:
- Fuel used i.e. coal is cheaper
- Initial cost is less
- It requires less space compared to hydro-electric power stations

DISADVANTAGES:
- It polluted atmosphere due to production of smoke and fumes
- Running cost of the power plant is more than hydro electric power plant

89
Q

Power Generation, Thermal Power:

A

Chemical potential energy of fuel (combustion) + heat transfer at the boiler + steam flow (from the boiler) = steam drives a steam turbine (rotational motion)

90
Q

Alternative methods or non-conventional energy of power generation

A

(1) Solar
(2) Wind
(3) Sea/Ocean
a. wave
b. tidal
c. Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC)
d. Salinity
(4) Geothermal

91
Q

Power Generation, Solar Thermal:

A

Heat radiations from the sun + heat transfer to a heat exchanger + steam flow (from heat exchanger) = steam drives a steam turbine (rotational motion)

92
Q

______, mostly made out of ______, have been used since the 1950s for absorbing solar energy and converting it directly into electrical current: the semi-conductor material captures ______ emanating from the sun, and the absorbed photons create an ______.

A

Solar cells, semiconductors, photons, electron-hole pair

93
Q

A number of solar cells compose a ______ which can be used as an electricity generator.

A

solar module

94
Q

Solar (Photovoltaic):

A

Heat radiations from the sun + Semiconductor materials (solar cell) + electron movement = electricity

95
Q

The only way forward would then lie in the mercy of these alternative source of energy which might play an instrumental role in shaping the energy supplies of the future, called as “______”.

A

energy of the future

96
Q

The movement of air within the atmosphere of the earth from a ______ place to a ______ place is what we call the “______”.

A

hotter, colder, wind

97
Q

Wind is “______” which can vary from zero to high ______.

A

air in motion, gusts

98
Q

With fossil fuel supplies running out, ______ and ______ are now becoming an important renewable energy source.

A

Wind Energy, Wind Power

99
Q

______ is a free and renewable ______ form of solar energy, due to the uneven distribution of temperatures in different areas around the world, and people have been harnessing this ______ resource since windmills and sailing boats were first used in ancient times.

A

Wind energy, secondary, free wind energy

100
Q

The ______ contained in the wind can be converted into both ______ and ______ energy by a windmill.

A

kinetic energy, mechanical, electrical

101
Q

Power Generation, Wind:

A

Uneven heating of the earth, heat flows (high pressure/temperature) + Earth rotation (Global winds) + KE of wind = wind drives a wind turbine (rotational motion)

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