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POLI321 > Quiz #4: Concepts and Class Material > Flashcards

Quiz #4: Concepts and Class Material Flashcards

1
Q

What form of democracy is practiced in Canada, where citizens elect politicians to make decisions on their behalf?

A

Representative Democracy

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2
Q

What form of democracy is practiced in Canada, where citizens elect politicians to make decisions on their behalf?

a) Direct Democracy
b) Authoritative Democracy
c) Left-Wing Democracy
d) Representative Democracy

A

d) Representative Democracy

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3
Q
A
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4
Q

What term refers to the struggle to gain the right to vote in elections?

A

Suffrage

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5
Q

Define Suffrage, Written Concept!

A

The struggle to gain the right to vote in elections.

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6
Q

What term refers to the struggle to gain the right to vote in elections?

a) Voting Eligibility
b) Ballot
c) Right of attorney
d) Suffrage

A

Suffrage

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7
Q

What was the requirement for men to be eligible to vote in early Canadian history?

A) Citizenship
B) Ownership of property
C) Military service
D) Employment

A

B) Ownership of property

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8
Q

What was the requirement for men to be eligible to vote in early Canadian history?

A

Ownership of property

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9
Q

In what decade did workers’ groups successfully pressure the removal of property qualifications for voting, but only for eligible white men?

A) 1860s
B) 1900s
C) 1920s
D) 1940s

A

B) 1900s

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10
Q

In what decade did workers’ groups successfully pressure the removal of property qualifications for voting, but only for eligible white men?

A

1900s

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11
Q

Which province was the first to grant women the right to vote, and in what year, followed later that year by Saskatchewan and Alberta?

A) Manitoba, 1916
B) Alberta, 1916
C) Saskatchewan, 1916
D) Ontario, 1916

A

A) Manitoba, 1916

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12
Q

Which province was the first to grant women the right to vote, and in what year, followed later that year by Saskatchewan and Alberta?

A

Manitoba, 1916

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13
Q

During World War I, which suffragette became known for petitioning for the right to vote, giving public lectures, meeting with politicians, and staging protests to raise public awareness?

A) Emily Murphy
B) Nellie McClung
C) Agnes Macphail
D) Henrietta Muir Edwards

A

B) Nellie McClung

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14
Q

What is the name of the first woman elected into the Canadian legislature in Alberta?

A) Emily Murphy
B) Nellie McClung
C) Louise McKinney
D) Henrietta Muir Edwards

A

C) Louise McKinney

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15
Q

Who was eligible to vote in Canada only if they agreed to relinquish their status as a registered Indian?

A) Métis
B) Inuit
C) First Nations people
D) Non-status Indigenous people

A

C) First Nations people

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16
Q

Who was eligible to vote in Canada only if they agreed to relinquish their status as a registered Indian?

A

First Nations people

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17
Q

What decision established that all adult Canadian citizens are eligible to vote in federal elections, except for the chief electoral officer and deputy chief electoral officer?

A) Carter decision (1995)
B) Sauvé decision (2002)
C) Vriend decision (1998)
D) Morgentaler decision (1988)

A

B) Sauvé decision (2002)

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18
Q

When was the franchise restricted to white male property owners until?

A) 1918
B) 1920
C) 1900
D) 1867

A

A) 1918

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19
Q

When were white women granted the right to vote federally in Canada?

A) 1918
B) 1920
C) 1900
D) 1867

A

A) 1918

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20
Q

When were white women granted the right to vote federally in Canada?

A

1918

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21
Q

What does the term “franchise” refer to in the context of Canadian elections?

A) The right to own a business
B) The right to vote in elections
C) The right to run for office
D) The right to hold public meetings

A

B) The right to vote in elections

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22
Q

What is the Canada Elections Act?

A) A policy outlining election results
B) Legislation passed by Parliament to set rules for the behavior of political parties, candidates, and their supporters
C) A guide for voters on how to cast their ballots
D) A document that lists all elected officials

A

B) Legislation passed by Parliament to set rules for the behavior of political parties, candidates, and their supporters

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23
Q

What is the name of the act that establishes rules for the behavior of political parties, candidates, and their supporters through legislation passed by Parliament?

A) The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
B) The Representation Act
C) The Canada Elections Act
D) The Political Parties Act

A

C) The Canada Elections Act

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24
Q

What is the most common role for the courts in settling election controversies?

A) Determining voter eligibility
B) Addressing campaign finance disputes
C) Conducting judicial recounts
D) Overseeing election advertising rules

A

C) Conducting judicial recounts

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25
Q

What is the most common role for the courts in settling election controversies?

A

Conducting judicial recounts

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26
Q

The Canada Elections Act designates which of the following roles as the head of Elections Canada?

a) Chief Electoral Officer
b) Prime Minister
c) Speaker of the House of Commons
d) Cabinet Minister

A

a) Chief Electoral Officer

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27
Q

The Canada Elections Act designates which of the following roles as the head of Elections Canada?

A

Chief Electoral Officer

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28
Q

What role is responsible for overseeing the smooth, non-partisan administration of elections and referendums in Canada, and reports to the legislature rather than to the cabinet to avoid political interference?

A

Chief Electoral Officer

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29
Q

What role is responsible for overseeing the smooth, non-partisan administration of elections and referendums in Canada, and reports to the legislature rather than to the cabinet to avoid political interference?

a) Chief Electoral Officer
b) Speaker of the House of Commons
c) Prime Minister
d) Cabinet Minister

A

a) Chief Electoral Officer

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30
Q

What is the term for the component of an electoral system that determines how votes are translated into seats, using methods such as majoritarian, plurality, or proportional representation?

a) Electoral threshold
b) Electoral formula
c) Electoral district
d) Electoral mandate

A

b) Electoral formula

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31
Q

What is the term for the component of an electoral system that determines how votes are translated into seats, using methods such as majoritarian, plurality, or proportional representation?

A

Electoral formula

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32
Q

Define Electoral formula? Written Format!

A

An element within a electoral system that determines how votes are translated into seats, using methods such as majoritarian, plurality, or proportional representation.

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33
Q

What is the term for the component of an electoral system that includes different types of ballots like categorical ballots and preferential ballots?

a) Ballot type
b) Electoral structure
c) Ballot structure
d) Voting method

A

c) Ballot structure

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34
Q

What is the term for the component of an electoral system that includes different types of ballots like categorical ballots and preferential ballots?

A

Ballot structure

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35
Q

Define Ballot structure?, Written format

A

An element within electoral systems that includes different types of ballots like categorical ballots and preferential ballots.

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36
Q

What is the term for the element in an electoral system that refers to the number of representatives elected in a single district?

a) Electoral quota
b) District magnitude
c) Representative allocation
d) Electoral division

A

b) District magnitude

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37
Q

What is the term for the element in an electoral system that refers to the number of representatives elected in a single district?

A

District magnitude

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38
Q

Define District magnitude?, Written format

A

An element within a electoral system that refers to the number of representatives elected in a single district.

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39
Q

What type of electoral system does Canada use, which employs a categorical ballot to decide a single representative for each district?

a) Proportional representation
b) Ranked-choice voting
c) Plurality-based system
d) Mixed-member system

A

c) Plurality-based system

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40
Q

What are the 3 elements contained within Canada’s electoral system?

A
  1. Electoral formula
  2. Ballot structure
  3. District Magnitude
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41
Q

What is the name of an electoral system where the candidate with the most votes in a district wins, even if they do not have a majority, also known as first-past-the-post?

A. Proportional representation
B. Single transferable vote
C. Single-member plurality system
D. Ranked-choice voting

A

C. Single-member plurality system

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42
Q

What is the name of an electoral system where the candidate with the most votes in a district wins, even if they do not have a majority, also known as first-past-the-post?

A

Single-member plurality system

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43
Q

Another name for Single-member plurality system is?

A

Also known as first-past-the-post

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44
Q

Define Single-member plurality system, Written Format!

A

An electoral system where the candidate with the most votes in a district wins, even if they do not have a majority, also known as first-past-the-post.

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45
Q

In electoral systems, areas of the country are divided into what 2 electoral districts?

A

(ridings, and constituencies)

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46
Q

In electoral systems, areas of the country are divided into what two electoral districts?

A. Provinces and territories
B. Wards and constituencies
C. Ridings and Constituencies
D. Electoral districts and ridings

A

C. Ridings, and Constituencies

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47
Q

What term refers to a situation facing a voter whose single ballot is unlikely to influence the outcome of the election, making costs of voting greater than potential benefits?

A

Voter’s paradox

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48
Q

Define Voter Paradox?, Written Format

A

A situation facing a voter whose single ballot is unlikely to influence the outcome of the election, making costs of voting greater than potential benefits.

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49
Q

What does each electoral district (riding or constituency) receive in the Legislature?

A) Multiple seats
B) A single seat
C) No seat
D) Two seats

A

B) A single seat

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50
Q

Which of the following countries, along with Canada, uses a single-member plurality electoral system?
a) Germany
b) United Kingdom and USA
c) France
d) Australia

A

b) United Kingdom and USA

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51
Q

Which of the following best describes the single-member plurality electoral system used in Canada, the UK, and the USA?

a) The candidate with the most votes wins, even if they do not have the majority of votes.

b) The candidate must have over 50% of the votes to win.

c) The candidate with the least votes wins, to promote fairness.

d) The votes are divided equally among candidates.

A

a) The candidate with the most votes wins, even if they do not have the majority of votes.

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52
Q

Which of the following electoral systems combines geographic and partisan representation by providing extra seats to parties whose share of seats is lower than their share of the popular vote?

a) Single-member plurality system
b) Proportional representation (PR) system
c) Mixed-member proportional (MMP) system
d) Majoritarian system

A

c) Mixed-member proportional (MMP) system

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53
Q

Which of the following electoral systems combines geographic and partisan representation by providing extra seats to parties whose share of seats is lower than their share of the popular vote?

A

Mixed-member proportional (MMP) system

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54
Q

What is an example of a country that uses Mixed-member proportional (MMP) system?

a) Germany
b) USA
c) Ghana
d) Australia

A

a) Germany

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55
Q

What is an example of a country that uses Mixed-member proportional (MMP) system?

A

Germany

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56
Q

What electoral system is designed so that the number of party representatives elected is proportionate to the party’s share of the vote?

a) Single-member plurality system
b) Proportional representation (PR) system
c) Mixed-member proportional (MMP) system
d) Majoritarian system

A

b) Proportional representation (PR) system

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57
Q

Which of the following electoral systems designed so that the number of party representatives elected is proportionate to the party’s share of the vote?

A

Proportional representation (PR) system

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58
Q

What is an example of a country that uses Proportional representation (PR) electoral systems?

a) Germany
b) Netherlands
c) Ghana
d) Australia

A

b) Netherlands

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59
Q

What are the key two elements used to calculate the size and shape of federal ridings?

A

Appointment and Redistricting

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60
Q

What are the key two elements used to calculate the size and shape of federal ridings?

A) Appointment and Redistricting
B) Voting and Representation
C) Census and Redistricting
D) Allocation and Reapportionment

A

A) Appointment and Redistricting

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61
Q

What two key elements determine the size and shape of federal ridings, referring to how many House of Commons seats each province is entitled to?

A) Allocation
B) Appointment
C) Redistribution
D) Population and Representation

A

B) Appointment

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62
Q

What term is apart of the two key elements determine the size and shape of federal ridings, referring to how many House of Commons seats each province is entitled to?

A

Appointment

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63
Q

Define Appointment?, Written Format!

A

Refers to how many House of Commons seats each province is entitled to have or get.

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64
Q

What term is apart of the two key elements determine the size and shape of federal ridings, meaning that electoral boundary rules define how constituency maps are drawn?

A) Redistricting
B) Voting Representative duties
C) Redistribution
D) Reapportionment

A

A) Redistricting

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65
Q

Define Redistricting?, Written format!

A

Refers to how electoral boundary rules define how constituency maps are drawn.

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66
Q

What term refers to the process of updating electoral boundaries?

A

Redistribution (or redistricting)

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67
Q

What is the purpose of appointing a multi-partisan and/or non-partisan electoral boundaries commission in Canada?

A) To increase voter turnout
B) To ensure fair representation of political parties
C) To prevent gerrymandering
D) To allocate federal funding for elections

A

C) To prevent gerrymandering

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68
Q

What term refers to redrawing electoral district boundaries to unfairly favor a specific political party or candidate?

A) Allocation
B) Appointment
C) Redistribution
D) Gerrymandering

A

D) Gerrymandering

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69
Q

What term refers to redrawing electoral district boundaries to unfairly favor a specific political party or candidate?

A

Gerrymandering

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70
Q

Define Gerrymandering?, Written Format

A

Refers to redrawing electoral district boundaries to unfairly favor a specific political party or candidate.

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71
Q

What are the 3 main forms parties receive govt subsidies?

A

1.Election spending rebates
2.Tax credits
3. Annual direct public funding

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72
Q

What are the three main forms of government subsidies received by political parties?

A. Campaign loans, membership dues, and tax deductions
B. Election spending rebates, tax credits, and annual direct public funding
C. Advertising grants, public donations, and membership fees
D. Volunteer contributions, government grants, and tax deductions

A

B. Election spending rebates, tax credits, and annual direct public funding

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73
Q

What do individual contributions, membership dues, donations, fundraising events, and government subsidies provide for political parties?

A. Membership growth
B. Campaign volunteers
C. Revenue
D. Policy development

A

C. Revenue

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74
Q

On the federal level what are spending limits?

A) Add Government funding
B) The Constitutional authority on revenue
C) Legal restrictions on expenditures.
D) None of the above

A

C) Legal restrictions on expenditures.

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75
Q

What type of government subsidy, discontinued as of 2015, involved federal parties receiving government payments and was considered controversial?

A. Election spending rebates
B. Tax credits
C. Annual direct public funding
D. Membership dues

A

C. Annual direct public funding

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76
Q

What type of government subsidy, discontinued as of 2015, involved federal parties receiving government payments and was considered controversial?

A

Annual direct public funding

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77
Q

What type of government subsidy allows Canadians who donate to political parties to deduct the allowable amount from their taxable income?

A. Election spending rebates
B. Tax credits
C. Membership dues
D. Annual direct public funding

A

B. Tax credits

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78
Q

What type of government subsidy allows Canadians who donate to political parties to deduct the allowable amount from their taxable income?

A

Tax credits

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79
Q

What type of government subsidy reimburses political parties for a portion of their electoral expenses?

A. Tax credits
B. Membership dues
C. Election spending rebates
D. Fundraising events

A

C. Election spending rebates

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80
Q

What type of government subsidy reimburses political parties for a portion of their electoral expenses?

A

Election spending rebates

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81
Q

What term refers to a legal document marking the official start of an election campaign?

A

Writ of election

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82
Q

Define Writ of election?, Written Format!

A

Refers to a legal document marking the official start of an election campaign?

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83
Q

What term refers to a legal document marking the official start of an election campaign?

A. Writ of Election
B. Campaign Proclamation
C. Election Notice
D. Ballot Declaration

A

A. Writ of Election

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84
Q

What are the 4 unofficial stages that are following within Canadian elections?

A
  1. the pre-writ period
  2. the organizational period
  3. the leaders’ debate(s)
  4. the post-debate period
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85
Q

What are the four unofficial stages within Canadian elections?

A) 1.The pre-writ period, 2.the organizational period, 3. the leaders’ 4. debate(s), the post-debate period

B) 1.The official election campaign, 2.the candidate selection process, 3.the voting period, 4.the post-election review

C) 1.The pre-election phase, 2.the nomination period, 3. the voting 4.process, the election results

D) 1.The campaign launch, 2. the voter registration period, 3. the electoral reform stage, 4. the election announcement

A

A) 1.The pre-writ period, 2.the organizational period, 3. the leaders’ 4. debate(s), the post-debate period

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86
Q

What stage of an election campaign involves political maneuvering and candidate recruitment in the lead-up to the official start of the election?

A) The pre-writ period
B) The organizational period
C) The leaders’ debate(s)
D) The post-debate period

A

A) The pre-writ period

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87
Q

What stage of an election campaign involves political maneuvering and candidate recruitment in the lead-up to the official start of the election?

A

The pre-writ period

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88
Q

What stage of an election campaign involves citizens just starting to pay attention, while parties amass and deploy resources?

A) The pre-writ period
B) The organizational period
C) The leaders’ debate(s)
D) The post-debate period

A

B) The organizational period

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89
Q

What stage of an election campaign involves citizens just starting to pay attention, while parties amass and deploy resources?

A

The organizational period

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90
Q

What stage of an election campaign attracts considerable media coverage and galvanizes public attention?

A) The pre-writ period
B) The organizational period
C) The leaders’ debate(s)
D) The post-debate period

A

C) The leaders’ debate(s)

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91
Q

What stage of an election campaign attracts considerable media coverage and galvanizes public attention?

A

The leaders’ debate(s)

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92
Q

What stage of an election campaign involves campaigns tightening up and personnel getting ready for Election Day?

A) The pre-writ period
B) The organizational period
C) The leaders’ debate(s)
D) The post-debate period

A

D) The post-debate period

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93
Q

What stage of an election campaign involves campaigns tightening up and personnel getting ready for Election Day?

A

The post-debate period

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94
Q

What term refers to a list of political pledges announced before or
during an election campaign?

A

Election platform

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95
Q

What term refers to a list of political pledges announced before or
during an election campaign?

A) Permanent campaign
B) The organizational period
C) Election platform
D) Leader’s tour

A

C) Election platform

96
Q

Define Election platform?, Written Format!

A

Refers to a list of political pledges announced before or
during an election campaign?

97
Q

What term refers to a visit of various electoral districts by the party leader and an entourage of staffers and journalists?

A) Permanent campaign
B) The organizational period
C) Election platform
D) Leader’s tour

A

D) Leader’s tour

98
Q

What term refers to a visit of various electoral districts by the party leader and an entourage of staffers and journalists?

A

Leader’s tour

99
Q

Define Leader’s tour?, Written Format!

A

Refers to a visit of various electoral districts by the party leader and an entourage of staffers and journalists.

100
Q

What term refers to the practice of campaigning outside of an election period, often using government resources?

A) Permanent campaign
B) Electoral strategy
C) Pre-writ period
D) Political maneuvering

A

A) Permanent campaign

101
Q

What term refers to the practice of campaigning outside of an election period, often using government resources?

A

Permanent campaign

102
Q

Define Permanent campaign? Written Format!

A

Refers to the practice of campaigning outside of an election period, often using government resources.

103
Q

In order to represent a party in an election, a person must _______________ first be, and this may involve contesting a party nomination campaign.

A) elected
B) appointed
C) nominated
D) registered

A

C) nominated

104
Q

What is an immediate priority of a candidate once the writ is dropped in an election?

a) Running a fundraising campaign
b) Completing the nomination papers for the election authorities
c) Participating in leaders’ debates
d) Recruiting volunteers

A

b) Completing the nomination papers for the election authorities

105
Q

What term refers to an electoral district where the current party is very likely to win again?

A

Safe seat

106
Q

What term refers to an electoral district where the current party is very likely to win again?

A) Incumbent party
B) Party luck
C) Party grace
D) Safe Seat

A

D) Safe Seat

107
Q

Define Safe Seat?, Written Format!

A

A safe seat is an electoral district where the current party is very likely to win again.

108
Q

What is a common measure of public interest and the intensity of an election?

a) Campaign funding
b) Media coverage
c) Voter turnout
d) Number of candidates

A

c) Voter turnout

109
Q

When only two-thirds of electors cast a ballot, only about a quarter of eligible electors vote for the political party. What type of government does it form?

A) Representative Gov’t
B) Minority Gov’t
C) Majority government.
D) Authoritarian Government

A

C) Majority government.

110
Q

When only two-thirds of electors cast a ballot, only about a quarter of eligible electors vote for the political party. What type of government does it form?

A

Majority government.

111
Q

What is the paradox of voting?

a) The belief that voting always leads to a significant political change.

b) The idea that the personal costs of voting outweigh the potential benefits for a rational, self-interested citizen.

c) The notion that voting is free of any personal cost or effort.

d) The assumption that every vote cast is equally influential in deciding the outcome.

A

b) The idea that the personal costs of voting outweigh the potential benefits for a rational, self-interested citizen.

112
Q

What institutional function do political journalists perform as part of the fourth estate?

a) Shaping public opinion without accountability
b) Representing the executive branch of government
c) Acting as watchdogs and providing checks on power
d) Maintaining strict allegiance to political parties

A

Acting as watchdogs and providing checks on power

113
Q

In Canadian politics, news outlets are pressured by what form of market that sensationalizes in order to generate attention?

A) Monopoly Market
B) Market-oriented journalism
C) Attention Economy
D) Public Broadcasting

A

B) Market-oriented journalism

114
Q

What term refers to an informal term for the media, highlighting its importance to democracy as a watchdog on the three branches of government in Canada?

A

Fourth Estate

115
Q

What term refers to an informal term for the media, highlighting its importance to democracy as a watchdog on the three branches of government in Canada?

A) Fifth Estate
B) Fourth Estate
C) Free Press Act
D) Media Tribunal

A

B) Fourth Estate

116
Q

Define Fourth Estate, Written Format!

A

Refers to an informal term for the media, highlighting its importance to democracy as a watchdog on the three branches of government in Canada.

117
Q

Why was radio significant in the early 20th century?

A) It was the primary medium for entertainment.
B) It played a key role in populist and progressive movements.
C) It reduced the need for print media.
D) It was limited to government use.

A

B) It played a key role in populist and progressive movements.

118
Q

How did newspapers respond to the emergence of radio in the 1920s?

A) They increased their focus on celebrity gossip.
B) They transitioned to becoming the primary authoritative source for news.
C) They shifted their efforts to include live broadcasting.
D) They ceased operations in favor of radio.

A

B) They transitioned to becoming the primary authoritative source for news.

119
Q

What emerged in the 1950s that fundamentally changed politics, leading political parties to structure campaign communications around the leader and visual branding?

A) Radio
B) Tv
C) Social Media
D) Print Media

A

B) Tv

120
Q

What emerged in the 1950s that fundamentally changed politics, leading political parties to structure campaign communications around the leader and visual branding?

A

Tv

121
Q

When were the proceedings in the House of Commons first televised?

A) 1965
B) 1977
C) 1984
D) 1992

A

B) 1977

122
Q

What aspect of digital media impacts the quality of political news and the nature of public policy?

A) Visual branding
B) Compressed timelines and information
C) Leader-focused campaigning
D) Traditional media outlets

A

B) Compressed timelines and information

123
Q

What is the name for an administrative tribunal that regulates television, radio, Internet, and telephone services?

A

Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC)

124
Q

What does (CRTC)?

A

Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC)

125
Q

What is the name of the administrative tribunal in Canada that regulates television, radio, internet, and telephone services?

A) Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC)
B) Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC)
C) Canadian Telecommunications Authority (CTA)
D) Canadian Media and Communications Board (CMCB)

A

B) Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC)

126
Q

What term refers to political journalists who monitor government business and who personally observe proceedings in the legislature?

A

Press gallery

127
Q

What term refers to political journalists who monitor government business and who personally observe proceedings in the legislature?

A) Media Legislature
B) CTV News
C) Hollywood Reporter
D) Press gallery

A

D) Press gallery

128
Q

What type of survey reveals that a strong majority of Canadians have a positive view of Canadian media coverage of government and politics?

A) Political Awareness Survey
B) Media Trust Survey
C) Public Opinion Survey
D) Government Media Analysis

A

C) Public Opinion Survey

129
Q

What type of survey reveals that a strong majority of Canadians have a positive view of Canadian media coverage of government and politics?

A

Public Opinion Survey

130
Q

What term refers to the delivery of news about government and politics presented as entertainment programming?

A) Political satire
B) Infotainment
C) Media sensationalism
D) News parody

A

B) Infotainment

131
Q

What term refers to the delivery of news about government and politics presented as entertainment programming?

A

Infotainment

132
Q

Define Infortainment, Written Format!

A

Refers to the delivery of news about government and politics presented as entertainment programming.

133
Q

What term refers to a public crisis commanding all news attention for an extended period of time?

A) Political satire
B) Infotainment
C) Breaking News
D) Focusing Event

A

D) Focusing Event

134
Q

Define Focusing Event, Written Format!

A

Refers to a public crisis commanding all news attention for an extended period of time.

135
Q

What term refers to a public crisis commanding all news attention for an extended period of time?

A

Focusing Event

136
Q

What term refers to Media attention focused on who is leading in public opinion?

A) Horse-race coverage
B) Infotainment
C) Breaking News
D) Focusing Event

A

A) Horse-race coverage

137
Q

What term refers to Media attention focused on who is leading in public opinion?

A

Horse-race coverage

138
Q

Define Horse-race coverage?, Written Format!

A

Refers to Media attention focused on who is leading in public opinion

139
Q

What term refers to the shaping of information to influence how the audience or daily news readers interpret it?

A) Horse-race coverage
B) Infotainment
C) Framing
D) Focusing Event

A

C) Framing

140
Q

What term refers to the shaping of information to influence how the audience or daily news readers interpret it?

A

Framing

141
Q

Define Framing?, Written Format!

A

Refers to the shaping of information to influence how the audience or daily news readers interpret it.

142
Q

What term refers to a public vote held to gather opinions and advice lawmakers, but the outcome isn’t binding?

A

Plebiscite

143
Q

What term refers to a public vote where lawmakers are expected to act on the results. It often addresses divisive issues and can have significant societal impacts?

A

Referendum

144
Q

What term refers to a public vote held to gather opinions and advise lawmakers, but the outcome isn’t binding?

A) Referendum
B) Plebiscite
C) Election
D) Citizen Initiative

A

B) Plebiscite

145
Q

What term refers to a public vote where lawmakers are expected to act on the results, often addressing divisive issues with significant societal impacts?

A) Plebiscite
B) Referendum
C) Election
D) Citizen Initiative

A

B) Referendum

146
Q

Which of the following pairs correctly matches examples of a referendum and a plebiscite?

A) Referendum: Charlottetown Accord | Plebiscite: Considerable plebiscite

B) Referendum: Prohibition plebiscite | Plebiscite: Brexit vote

C) Referendum: Charlottetown Accord | Plebiscite: Quebec independence referendum

D) Referendum: Charlottetown Accord plebiscite | Plebiscite: Prohibition plebiscite

A

D) Referendum: Charlottetown Accord plebiscite | Plebiscite: Prohibition plebiscite

147
Q

What is the main difference between a referendum and a plebiscite?

A) A referendum is non-binding, while a plebiscite is legally binding.

B) A plebiscite gathers public opinion, but the outcome is not binding, while a referendum’s results are usually acted upon by lawmakers.

C) A referendum is used only for local issues, while a plebiscite is used for national issues.

D) A plebiscite always involves constitutional changes, whereas a referendum does not.

A

B) A plebiscite gathers public opinion, but the outcome is not binding, while a referendum’s results are usually acted upon by lawmakers.

148
Q

What term refers to the use of information communication technologies to engage citizens in democracy, including access to political platforms, discussion of political ideas, and building social capital, with the potential to democratize decision-making and enhance public engagement?

A) Digital Advocacy
B) E-Democracy
C) Cyber Activism
D) Civic Engagement

A

B) E-Democracy

149
Q

What term refers to the use of information communication technologies to engage citizens in democracy, including access to political platforms, discussion of political ideas, and building social capital, with the potential to democratize decision-making and enhance public engagement?

A

E-Democracy

150
Q

Define E-Democracy, Written Format!

A

Refers to the use of information communication technologies to engage citizens in democracy, including access to political platforms, discussion of political ideas, and building social capital, with the potential to democratize decision-making and enhance public engagement.

151
Q

What term refers to the use of information communication technologies to deliver public programs and services, utilizing websites, email, videoconferencing, and social media to ensure government availability 24/7?

A) E-Government
B) E-Democracy
C) Digital Administration
D) Public Service Networks

A

A) E-Government

152
Q

What term refers to the use of information communication technologies to deliver public programs and services, utilizing websites, email, videoconferencing, and social media to ensure government availability 24/7?

A

E-Government

153
Q

What is the name of the legal requirement that mandates governments to release information upon request, subject to restrictions, promoting transparency while protecting the applicant’s identity within the public service?

A) Access to Information
B) Freedom of the Press
C) Public Records Act
D) Transparency in Governance

A

A) Access to Information

154
Q

What is the name of the legal requirement that mandates governments to release information upon request, subject to restrictions, promoting transparency while protecting the applicant’s identity within the public service?

A

Access to Information

155
Q

What term refers to pre-packaged content provided to the media, such as news releases, social media posts, and staged photo ops, designed to meet media needs?

A) Media Framing
B) Information Subsidy
C) Press Freedom
D) Public Consultation

A

B) Information Subsidy

156
Q

What term refers to pre-packaged content provided to the media, such as news releases, social media posts, and staged photo ops, designed to meet media needs?

A

Information Subsidy

157
Q

What PR tool involves reporting a potential course of action in the media to gauge public reaction before a final decision is made?

A) Trial Balloon
B) Framing
C) Horse-Race Coverage
D) Spin

A

A) Trial Balloon

158
Q

What PR tool involves reporting a potential course of action in the media to gauge public reaction before a final decision is made?

A

Trail Balloon

159
Q

What PR tool involves presenting information in a one-sided manner to influence public perception and persuade audiences?

A

Spin

160
Q

What PR tool involves presenting information in a one-sided manner to influence public perception and persuade audiences?

A) Trial Balloon
B) Framing
C) Horse-Race Coverage
D) Spin

A

D) Spin

161
Q

What term refers to the scandal where Liberal advertising agencies received public funds for work never performed?

A) Transparency Affair
B) Sponsorship Scandal
C) Government Integrity Scandal
D) Advertising Accountability Affair

A

B) Sponsorship Scandal

162
Q

What term refers to the scandal where Liberal advertising agencies received public funds for work never performed?

A

Sponsorship Scandal

163
Q

What is the term for a senior employee overseeing public-opinion surveys in a research company?

A) Pollster
B) Analyst
C) Campaign Strategist
D) Media Consultant

A

A) Pollster

164
Q

What is the term for a senior employee overseeing public-opinion surveys in a research company?

A

Pollster

165
Q

Define Pollster? Written format!

A

Refers to an senior employee overseeing public-opinion surveys in a research company.

166
Q

What form of campaigning targets narrowly defined groups of voters while excluding others?

A) Broadcasting
B) Narrowcasting
C) Microtargeting
D) Focused Messaging

A

B) Narrowcasting

167
Q

What form of campaigning targets narrowly defined groups of voters while excluding others?

A

Narrowcasting

168
Q

Define Narrow casting, Written Format!

A

A form of campaigning targets narrowly defined groups of voters while excluding others.

169
Q

What type of communication promotes uplifting and optimistic messages but may fail to resonate emotionally?

A) Positive Communication
B) Negative Communication
C) Neutral Messaging
D) Contrasting Messaging

A

A) Positive Communication

170
Q

What type of communication promotes uplifting and optimistic messages but may fail to resonate emotionally?

A

Positive Communication

171
Q

Define Positive Communication, Written format!

A

A type of communication promotes uplifting and optimistic messages but may fail to resonate emotionally.

172
Q

What type of communication promotes psychological techniques to generate an emotional response among audience?

A) Positive Communication
B) Negative Communication
C) Neutral Messaging
D) Contrasting Messaging

A

B) Negative Communication

173
Q

What type of communication promotes psychological techniques to generate an emotional response among audience?

A

Negative Communication

174
Q

Define Negative Communication, Written format!

A

A type of communication promotes psychological techniques to generate an emotional response among audience.

175
Q

What term refers to social pressure to confront biases and resolve inequalities through recasting offensive language?

A) Political Correctness
B) Social Justice Advocacy
C) Public Sensitivity Campaigns
D) Inclusive Messaging

A

A) Political Correctness

176
Q

What term refers to social pressure to confront biases and resolve inequalities through recasting offensive language?

A

Political Correctness

177
Q

Define Political Correctness, Written Format!

A

Refers to social pressure to confront biases and resolve inequalities through recasting offensive language.

178
Q

What type of issue is deliberately elevated to polarize electors and divide parties?

A) Dog Whistle Issue
B) Wedge Issue
C) Framing Issue
D) Public Debate Topic

A

B) Wedge Issue

179
Q

What type of issue is deliberately elevated to polarize electors and divide parties?

A

Wedge Issue

180
Q

What term refers to an informal collection of people who share a public-policy concern and urge government action and changes to social values and behaviour?

A

Social Movements

181
Q

What term refers to an informal collection of people who share a public-policy concern and urge government action and changes to social values and behaviour?

A) Interest Group
B) Social Movement
C) Advocacy Organization
D) Political Party

A

B) Social Movement

182
Q

Define Social Movement, Written Format!

A

An informal group of people united by a common concern, pushing for changes in government actions, social values, or behaviors.

183
Q

Why is lobbying highly regulated in Canada?

A) To prevent pressure groups from forming.
B) To ensure third-party organizations do not outnumber political parties.
C) To avoid undue influence over government decisions.
D) To reduce the role of pluralism in policymaking.

A

C) To avoid undue influence over government decisions.

184
Q

What does the public-policy cycle primarily involve?

A) Writing laws in response to public opinion polls.
B) Developing policy from agenda setting to modification.
C) Delegating policy-making authority to special interest groups.
D) Enforcing judicial decisions on constitutional amendments.

A

B) Developing policy from agenda setting to modification.

185
Q

What distinguishes entitlement programs from insurance programs?

A) Entitlement programs are funded by premiums; insurance programs are not.

B) Entitlement programs guarantee financial support for eligible citizens, while insurance programs require contributions.

C) Insurance programs do not involve federal support, but entitlement programs do.

D) There is no distinction between the two.

A

B) Entitlement programs guarantee financial support for eligible citizens, while insurance programs require contributions.

186
Q

What is the primary goal of Canada’s welfare state programs?

A) To reduce income inequality among the middle class.
B) To assist the least fortunate in society.
C) To privatize healthcare and education.
D) To increase national defense spending

A

B) To assist the least fortunate in society.

187
Q

How does a white paper differ from a green paper?

A) A white paper commits to exploring ideas, while a green paper finalizes policy decisions.

B) A white paper outlines a proposed policy commitment, while a green paper explores options.

C) A white paper is informal, while a green paper is legally binding.

D) There is no difference between a white and a green paper.

A

B) A white paper outlines a proposed policy commitment, while a green paper explores options.

188
Q

What is the name of document outlining a proposed policy commitment by the government?

A) The Constitution
B) The Charter of Rights & Freedoms
C) Green Paper
D) White Paper

A

D) White Paper

189
Q

What is the name of document outlining a proposed policy commitment by the government?

A

White Paper

190
Q

Define White Paper, Written Format!

A

A document outlining a proposed policy commitment by the government.

191
Q

What is the name of a government document released to explore policy options, without any commitment to the outcome?

A) The Constitution
B) The Charter of Rights & Freedoms
C) Green Paper
D) White Paper

A

C) Green Paper

192
Q

What is the name of a government document released to explore policy options, without any commitment to the outcome?

A

Green Paper

193
Q

Define Green Paper, Written Format!

A

A government document released to explore policy options, without any commitment to the outcome

194
Q

Which of the following best describes pluralism?

A) A political system where a single group dominates public policy.
B) A vibrant civil society with competing groups vying for public good.
C) A lobbying system that ensures financial equity in political campaigns.
D) The exclusion of marginalized voices from public decision-making.

A

B) A vibrant civil society with competing groups vying for public good.

195
Q

What term refers to actions taken by individuals to appear part of a social movement, but which have no direct impact on the fulfillment of its objectives?

A) Slacktivism
B) Pluralism
C) Social Movement
D) Elitism

A

A) Slacktivism

196
Q

What term refers to actions taken by individuals to appear part of a social movement, but which have no direct impact on the fulfillment of its objectives?

A

Slacktivism

197
Q

Define Slacktivism, Written Format!

A

Actions taken by individuals to appear part of a social movement, but which have no direct impact on the fulfillment of its objectives

198
Q

What is the term for a group or political organization that seeks to influence public policy without competing for election?

Also called advocacy or pressure groups, or special interests.

A) Activist
B) Political Science analyst
C) Lobbyist
D) Interest groups

A

D) Interest groups

199
Q

What is the term for a group or political organization that seeks to influence public policy without competing for election?

A

Interest groups

200
Q

Define Interest groups, Written Format

A

A group or a political organization pushing for change within the government in public policy, but not directly involved in election campaign.

201
Q

Why are interest groups referred to as third parties?

A

Because they are actors outside the formal world of political parties and politicians.

202
Q

What group performs a range of duties and functions in Canadian Democracy?
Such as the ones listed below
- Help define and highlight public policy issues that might otherwise go unnoticed;
- Identify concerns of importance to their base and work to push those problems to the top of the political agenda
- Promote specific solutions to those challenges.

A) Activist
B) Political Science analyst
C) Lobbyist
D) Interest group

A

D) Interest group

203
Q

List out the functions of Interest groups in Canadian Democracy?

A

Help define and highlight public policy issues that might otherwise go unnoticed;
- Identify concerns of importance to their base and work to push those problems to the top of the political agenda
- Promote specific solutions to those challenges.

204
Q

What term refers to a broad concept involving the role of government in citizens’ lives, including principles, rules, and guidelines used to translate political direction into government action?

A) Public Policy
B) Bureaucracy
C) Pluralism
D) Social Movement

A

A) Public Policy

205
Q

What term refers to a broad concept involving the role of government in citizens’ lives, including principles, rules, and guidelines used to translate political direction into government action?

A

Public Policy

206
Q

What term describes a suite of government programs, services, and financial supports designed to assist the least fortunate in society?

A) Welfare State
B) Social Insurance
C) Public Administration
D) Entitlement Programs

A

A) Welfare State

207
Q

What group is known for researching, proposing changes to public policy, and promoting public engagement to address societal challenges?

A) Bureaucrats
B) Think Tanks
C) Political Parties
D) Interest Groups

A

Think Tanks

208
Q

What group is known for researching, proposing changes to public policy, and promoting public engagement to address societal challenges?

A

Think Tanks

209
Q

What term refers to an income tax provision that reduces a citizen’s taxable income and thus reduces the tax payable?

A) Tax Deduction
B) Tax Credit
C) Expenditure Policy
D) Revenue Adjustment

A

Tax Credit

210
Q

What term refers to an income tax provision that reduces a citizen’s taxable income and thus reduces the tax payable?

A

Tax Credit

211
Q

Define Tax Credit, Written Format!

A

Refers to an income tax provision that reduces a citizen’s taxable income and thus reduces the tax payable.

212
Q

What is the value-added consumption tax in Atlantic Canada and Ontario that combines both federal and provincial rates?

A) Goods and Services Tax (GST)
B) Harmonized Sales Tax (HST)
C) Corporate Tax
D) Indirect Taxation

A

Answer: B) Harmonized Sales Tax (HST)

213
Q

What is the value-added consumption tax in Atlantic Canada and Ontario that combines both federal and provincial rates?

A

Harmonized Sales Tax (HST)

214
Q

Define Harmonized Sales Tax (HST), Written Format!

A

The value-added consumption tax in Atlantic Canada and Ontario that combines both federal and provincial rates

215
Q

What is the name of the federal value-added tax applied to the sale of most goods and services in Canada?

A) Income Tax
B) Harmonized Sales Tax (HST)
C) Property Tax
D) Goods and Services Tax (GST)

A

Answer: D) Goods and Services Tax (GST)

216
Q

What is the name of the federal value-added tax applied to the sale of most goods and services in Canada?

A

Goods and Services Tax

217
Q

Define Good and Services Taxes, Written Format!

A

Name of the federal value-added tax applied to the sale of most goods and services in Canada.

218
Q

What term refers to the collection of taxes by an intermediate body on behalf of the government, such as income tax and sales tax?

A) Direct Taxation
B) Harmonized Sales Tax (HST)
C) Indirect Taxation
D) Fiscal Policy

A

C) Indirect Taxation

219
Q

What term refers to the collection of taxes by an intermediate body on behalf of the government, such as income tax and sales tax?

A

Indirect Taxation

220
Q

Define Indirect Taxation, Written Format!

A

An type of taxation that refers to a collection a taxes sent to an individual on the behalf of the government working as a intermediary body, sending taxes such as income and sales tax.

221
Q

What term refers to the collection of taxes directly by the government without using an intermediary, such as property tax?

A) Indirect Taxation
B) Direct Taxation
C) Goods and Services Tax (GST)
D) Tax Credit

A

B) Direct Taxation

222
Q

What term refers to the collection of taxes directly by the government without using an intermediary, such as property tax?

A

Direct Taxation

223
Q

Define Direct Taxation, Written Format!

A

An form of taxation where taxes are sent directly from the government such as property tax.

224
Q

What term refers to the regulations, mechanisms, and rates set by the government to generate revenues from people and businesses in its jurisdiction?

A) Taxation Policy
B) Public Policy
C) Fiscal Administration
D) Tax Credit

A

A) Taxation Policy

225
Q

What term refers to the regulations, mechanisms, and rates set by the government to generate revenues from people and businesses in its jurisdiction?

A

Taxation policy

226
Q

Define Taxation policy, Written Format!

A

A policy that refers to the regulations, mechanisms, and rates set by the government to generate revenues from people and businesses in its jurisdiction.

227
Q

What term refers to the common stages in public decision-making, from conception to implementation and modification?

A) Public-policy analysis
B) Agenda setting
C) Public-policy cycle
D) Decision-making process

A

Public-policy cycle

228
Q

What term refers to the common stages in public decision-making, from conception to implementation and modification?

A

Public-policy cycle

229
Q

Define

A
230
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231
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235
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POLI321 (4 decks)

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