Quiz 4 (Ch. 9 & 10)

Question 1

Nucleotides

Answer 1

• Building blocks of DNA

- Composed of a sugar, a base, and one or more phosphates

Question 2

DNA Strand

Answer 2

-Covalent linkage of peptides in the 5’ –> 3’ direction

Question 3

Double helix

Answer 3

-Two strands bind to each other in an antiparallel manner according to the AT/GC rule

Question 4

Chromosomes

Answer 4

A complex of DNA, proteins, and maybe some RNA

Question 5

What is the structural difference between RNA and DNA?

Answer 5

• The sugar on RNA is ribose instead of deoxyribose

- RNA is often single-stranded whereas DNA is always double-stranded

Question 6

What base is paired to A in DNA? In RNA?

Answer 6

In DNA: T

In RNA: U

Question 7

How are sequences organized in a bacterial chromosome?

Answer 7

• The genetic material in bacteria…:
• –is circular
• –has a few million bp
• –has only ONE origin of replication
• –has little repetitive DNA

Question 8

How are sequences organized in a eukaryotic chromosome?

Answer 8

• The genetic material in eukaryotes…:
• –in linear
• –comes in sets
• –has several hundred to a few thousand genes per chromosome
• contains MULTIPLE origins of replication
• may have lots of repetitive DNA
• contains centromeres and telomeres

Question 9

What four criteria does genetic material need to fulfill?

Answer 9

i) Information - Contains the information necessary to make the entire organism
ii) Transmission - Must be passed from parent to offspring
iii) Replication - It must be copied
iv) Variation - Must be capable of change

Question 10

What bacteria did Griffith infect mice with in his experiments?

Answer 10

Steptococcus pneumoniae

Question 11

A groove in the DNA refers to what?

Answer 11

The indentations where the atoms of the bases are in contact with the surrounding water

Question 12

What two mechanisms make the bacterial chromosome more compact?

Answer 12

i) The formation of loop domains

ii) DNA supercoiling