Quiz 4 BIOL 235

Question 1

________ are sensory receptors located in blood vessels and visceral organs, whose signals are not usually consciously perceived.
a) Exteroreceptors
b) Interceptors
c) Proprioceptors
d) Nociceptors
e) Thermoreceptors

Answer 1

b) Interceptors

Question 2

Which somatic sensory receptor is rapidly adapting and responsible for fine touch?
a) type I cutaneous mechanoreceptor
b) lamellated corpuscle
c) nociceptor
d) corpuscle of touch
e) type Il cutaneous mechanoreceptor

Answer 2

d) corpuscle of touch

Question 3

The best example of referred pain is:
a) shoulder pain while throwing a baseball
b) pain still present several minutes after stubbing your toe
c) pain felt into the left arm during a heart attack
d) pain down your leg from a pinched nerve in your back

Answer 3

c) pain felt into the left arm during a heart attack

Question 4

Which of the following is not true when comparing the direct and indirect motor pathways?
a) the direct motor pathways are also called the pyramidal pathways
b) the indirect motor pathways contist of three major tracts
c) the lateral corticospinal tracts are a component of the direct motor pathways
d) 90% of the axons decussate in the medulla oblongata in the direct motor pathways
e) the rubrospinal tracts are a part of the indirect motor pathways

Answer 4

b) the indirect motor pathways contist of three major tracts

Question 5

The basal nuclei regulate skeletal muscle movements by
a) suppressing unwanted movements.
b) influencing muscle tone.
c) initiating and terminating movements.
d) both suppressing unwanted movements and influencing muscle tone.
e) All of these choices

Answer 5

e) All of these choices

Question 6

A significant reduction in brain metabolism occurs in which stage of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep?
a) stage 1
b) stage 2
c) stage 3
d) stage 4

Answer 6

c) stage 4

Question 7

Memory is best defined as:
a) the reinforcement that results from frequent retrieval of a piece of
information
b) the capability for change while learning
c) the way in which information is stored and retrieved
d) the ability to attain new information or skills

Answer 7

c) the way in which information is stored and retrieved

Question 8

A generator potential produces action potentials and a receptor potential causes
release of neurotransmitters.
True
False

Answer 8

True

Question 9

The primary information carried by the spinocerebellar tracts is pain and temperature.
True
False

Answer 9

False

Question 10

Which of the following are responsible for producing new olfactory receptors?
a) olfactory glands
b) basal cells
c) supporting cells
d) olfactory.bulbs

Answer 10

d) olfactory bulbs

Question 11

Which of the following does not pertain to the lacrimal apparatus?

• a) tears are produced by the sebaceous glands

b) tears contain a bactericidal enzyme

c) tears exit the eye vicinity via two small lacrimal puncta

• d) lacrimal fluid ultimately ends up in the nasal cavity

e) lacrimal ducts empty tears onto the conjunctiva of the upper lid

Answer 11

• a) tears are produced by the sebaceous glands

Question 12

The cis to trans conversion of retinal when photopigments respond to light is called:
a) bleaching
b) regeneration
c) isomerization
d) adaptation

Answer 12

c) isomerization

Question 13

Which of the following statements accurately describes the changes in the membrane potential of a photoreceptor cell when light rays strike its photopigments?

a) The photoreceptor cell undergoes rapid depolarization.
b) The photoreceptor cell undergoes hyperpolarization.
c) A graded potential proportional to the intensity of the light stimulus occurs in the photoreceptor cell.
d) No changes in the membrane potential occur.
e) The photoreceptor cell creates action potentials at a frequency proportional to the intensity of the light stimulus.

Answer 13

b) The photoreceptor cell undergoes hyperpolarization.

Question 14

Which is the correct order of events of sound transmission through the ear?

1. sound waves strike the eardrum
2. the ear ossicles vibrate
3. hair cells of the spiral organ vibrate
4. the perilymph in the cochlea moves
5. sound waves enter the external auditory canal

a) 5, 4, 3, 2, 1

b) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

c）5, 1,2,4, 3

d) 5, 2, 1, 3, 4

Answer 14

c）5, 1,2,4, 3

Question 15

Rotational acceleration and deceleration are detected by the
a) cochlea.
b) semicircular canals.
c) vestibule.
d) spiral organ.
e) utricle and saccule.

Answer 15

b) semicircular canals.

Question 16

The same number of cranial nerves are involved in transmitting sensations in both
olfaction and gustation.
True
False

Answer 16

False

Question 17

Not all regions of the basilar membrane vibrate with the same intensity.
True
False

Answer 17

True

Question 18

Which chemical class of hormones is not matched correctly?
a) nitric oxide - lipid soluble
b) steroids - lipid soluble
c) antidiuretic hormone - water soluble
d) T3 and T4 - water soluble
e) catecholamines - water soluble

Answer 18

d) T3 and T4 - water soluble

Question 19

Which of the following is true?
a) the hypothalamic hypophyseal tract contains fibers that connect the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary
b) the neurohypophysis synthesizes oxytocin&nd antidiuretic hormone
c) vasopressin increases blood pressure
d) the adenohypophysis stores and releases two hormones

Answer 19

c) vasopressin increases blood pressure

Question 20

Which of the following is an effect of the thyroid hormones?
a) increases blood cholesterol
b) increases carbohydrate synthesis
c) increases oxygen consumption
d) decreases actions of the epinephrine and norepinephrine
e) helps slow down body growth

Answer 20

c) increases oxygen consumption

Question 21

What is not a function of the parathyroid glands?
* a) increase formation of vitamin D
* b) decrease the number of osteoclasts
* c) regulate the level of calcium in the blood
d) increase bone resorption
e) promote formation of calcitriol

Answer 21

• b) decrease the number of osteoclasts

Question 22

Which of the following layers of the adrenal cortex is matched correctly?
* a) zona reticularis - synthesizes dehydroepiandosterone (DHEA)
b) zona glomerulosa - synthesizes cortisol
c) zona fasciculata - synthesizes aldosterone

Answer 22

• a) zona reticularis - synthesizes dehydroepiandosterone (DHEA)

Question 23

Which of the following is a true statement in reference to melatonin?
1. it is secreted by the pineal gland
2. it is stimulated by sunlight
3. it is a derivative of serotonin
4. it is part of the hypothalamus

a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) 3 only
d) 4 only
e) 1 and 3 are correct

Answer 23

e) 1 and 3 are correct

Question 24

Leptin is a hormone produced by the
a) placenta.
b) ovaries.
c) testes.
d) pituitary gland.
e) adipose tissue.

Answer 24

e) adipose tissue.

Question 25

Most water-soluble hormones must be attached to a transport protein in order to be circulated. True False

Answer 25

True

Question 26

The general adaptation syndrome (GAS) is primarily regulated by the pituitary gland. True False

Answer 26

True

Question 27

Which of the following is not true of blood in its transporting role? a) carries nutrients to cells from the gastrointestinal tract b) carries oxygen from the cells to the lungs c) transports hormones from glands to other parts of the body d) carries waste products for elimination e) all of these choices are true

Answer 27

b) carries oxygen from the cells to the lungs

Question 28

Which of the following is not a major function of the blood? a) Transportation of nutrients b) Regulation of blood pH c) Protection against infectious disease d) Transportation of heat e) Production of oxygen

Answer 28

e) Production of oxygen

Question 29

A hemopoietic growth factor: a) is a hormone that regulates bone growth b) stimulates absorption of nutrients in the small intestine c) is a hormone that aids in proliferation of progenitor cells d) are lymphoid cells used in the immune system's defense mode e) are precursor cells

Answer 29

c) is a hormone that aids in proliferation of progenitor cells

Question 30

Which statement does not describe a component of the RBC life cycle? a) ruptured RBCs are removed by macrophages in the spleen and liver b) heme is ultimately converted to bilirubin which ends up in the liver c) the transporter of iron in the blood is transferrin * d) urobilinogen is eliminated in the feces in the form of stercobilin * e) biliverdin is the protein that stores iron

Answer 30

* e) biliverdin is the protein that stores iron

Question 31

Which of the following is not involved in platelet plug formation? *a) platelets sticking to the walls of an injured vessel b) vasoconstriction due to serotonin release c) the release of ADP to make the platelets bind to each other d) release of platelet-derived-growth-factor (PDGF) e) all the above occur in platelet plug formation

Answer 31

d) release of platelet-derived-growth-factor (PDGF)

Question 32

Name the first substance that is incorporated into the new clot. a) plasmin b) plasminogen c) fibrinolysin d) heparin e) prostacyclin

Answer 32

b) plasminogen

Question 33

Which of the following is true in reference to a blood transfusion? 1. is the transfer of whole blood only 2. often used to treat anemia 3. agglutination is not a problem with mismatching blood types 4. transfusions may occur directly into the red bone marrow a) 1 only b) 2 only c) 3 only d) 4 only e) 2 and 4

Answer 33

e) 2 and 4

Question 34

The extrinsic pathway of blood clotting occurs much quicker than the intrinsic pathway. True False

Answer 34

True

Question 35

Which statement is not true about the external features of the heart? * a) the coronary sulcus is the boundary between the atria and ventricles *b) the anterior interventricular sulcus separates the anterior border of the ventricles * c) the auricles allow increased blood capacity in the ventricles d) the coronary sulci contain blood vessels and fat e) the ventricles are located inferior to the atria

Answer 35

* c) the auricles allow increased blood capacity in the ventricles

Question 36

Which is not true of the fibrous skeleton of the heart? a) it acts as an electrical insulator b) it connects with the interatrial septum c) it consists of four connective tissue rings d) it prevents overstretching of the valves e) all the above are not true

Answer 36

b) it connects with the interatrial septum

Question 37

Which of the following is the correct pathway of blood starting at the right atrium? a) right atrium, left atrium, left ventricle, right ventricle, pulmonary trunk, pulmonary veins, aorta b) right atrium, aorta, left ventricle, left atrium, pulmonary trunk, right ventricle, pulmonary veins c) right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary trunk, pulmonary veins, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta d) right atrium, pulmonary trunk, left atrium, left ventricle, pulmonary veins, aorta, right ventricle

Answer 37

c) right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary trunk, pulmonary veins, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta

Question 38

Which vessel does not supply the myocardium with blood? a) coronary sinus b) left coronary artery c) circumflex branch d) marginal branch e) posterior interventricular branch

Answer 38

a) coronary sinus

Question 39

Comparatively, which phase is the longest during an action potential in a ventricular contractile fiber? a) refractory b) depolarization c) contraction d) repolarization

Answer 39

a) refractory

Question 40

An electrocardiogram can help determine all of the following except: a) enlargement of an atrium b) myocardial infarction c) enlargement of ventricles d) insufficient oxygen to the heart muscles e) all of these choices can be determined during an ECG

Answer 40

e) all of these choices can be determined during an ECG

Question 41

What is occurring during isovolumetric contraction? a) the amount of blood in each atria is the same b) the semilunar valves are open and the AV valves are closed c) the point at which all blood has been ejected from the ventricles d) all four valves are closed e) both atria are ejecting blood at the same time

Answer 41

d) all four valves are closed

Question 42

The Frank-Starling law of the heart states: a) the lower the preload on the heart the greater the force of contraction b) the faster the heart rate the greater the volume of blood pumped c) the greater the afterload the lower the pressure that must be overcome d) the more the heart is stretched pre-contraction the stronger the force of contraction e) the greater the stroke volume the greater the heart rate

Answer 42

d) the more the heart is stretched pre-contraction the stronger the force of contraction

Question 43

Resting heart rate in a well-conditioned athlete is lower than in a healthy untrained person. True False

Answer 43

True

Question 44

Isovolumetric contraction and isovolumetric relaxation both occur when all four valves are closed. True False

Answer 44

True