quiz 4 Flashcards
Make up your own example of a hypothetical syllogism containing a pair of synonyms or near-synonyms.
Premise 1: If you shows up drunk, you will get fired.
Premise 2: you shows up drunk.
Conclusion: Therefore, you will get fired.
Make up your own example of a hypothetical syllogism in which a negation is expressed by the opposite of a term the syllogism also contains.
Premise 1: If (the groundskeeper) did not forget that I destroyed his favorite rose bush, the groundskeeper will throw me out.
Premise 2: The groundskeeper did not forget that I destroyed his favorite rose bush.
Conclusion: Therefore, the groundskeeper will throw me out.
Make up your own example of an everyday syllogism which can be transformed into a standard-form hypothetical syllogism only through a move from a general rule to an individual case falling under it.
Premise 1: If you get a score higher than 93, then you get an ‘A’ for the course.
Premise 2: You got a score higher than 93.
Conclusion: Therefore, you get an ‘A’ for the course.
Make up your own example of an everyday syllogism which can be transformed into a standard-form hypothetical syllogism only through substituting a less specific statement/expression for a more specific one.
Premise 1: If you drive by over the speed limit, your license is suspended.
Premise 2: You drove over the speed limit.
Conclusion: Therefore, your license is suspended.
Explain what an enthymematical argument is. Further, given an example of an enthymematical argument
the whole argument is not fully developed and must be addressed and filled in
Premise 1: If you keep on falling asleep in class, the quiz will be very difficult.
Premise 2: (You fall asleep in class.)
Conclusion: Therefore, the quiz is very difficult.
Construct your own example of an enthymematical argument one premise of which is not explicitly stated, and a second example the conclusion of which is not explicitly stated.
Premise 1: If you keep on falling asleep in class, the quiz will be very difficult.
Premise 2: You fall asleep in class.
Conclusion: (Therefore, the quiz is very difficult.)
Explain what the “reduction ad absurdum” technique is.
modus tollens
a contradictory form of a hypothetical proposition
Explain, in general terms and with examples, what the difference between contrary and contradictory opposition is.
A contrary opposition exists between two propositions if they cannot both be true, but if they could both be false.
A contradictory opposition exists between two propositions which cannot both be true, and which cannot both be false—exactly one must be true, and one false.
State what the three items are which must be considered with regard to each of the sources of knowledge
singular
particular
universal
Give at least three examples of sense perception
sight, hearing, smell, touch, and taste
define singular, of particular, and of universal knowledge derived exclusively from sense perception.
senses
explain what limitation particular knowledge and universal knowledge derived from senseperception are subject to.
sense perception by itself cannot lead beyond the individual items one’s mind has actually been in contact with
state what the two features are which apply to each instance of sense perception.
Two features of sense perception: (1) The object is characterized by some kind of sen¬sory qual-ity; (2) it is possible to identify the sense or senses in¬volved in the perception.
Give at least two examples of internal perception and define internal perception. (make sure that the way in which you formulate your examples does not cause me to suspect you of confusing internal perception with “having the experience that is the object of the internal perception”)
how you perceive the world
- does the teacher have an accent
- is his hair gray
Explain the considerations I have used to show that internal perception is different from sense perception. (Note: There are two related but nevertheless distinct considerations. You must explain both of them.)
A second source of knowledge is known as internal perception. I begin with examples illustrating this source of knowledge:
hypothetical syllogism
contains at least one hypothetical proposition.
hypothetical proposition
If—antecedent—then—consequent.
IF P THEN Q.
what is the definition of “enthymematical” is derived from
The word is derived from the Greek “en” (in) and “thumos” (mind), thus, literally to be translated as, “in the mind.”
give an examples of singular, of particular, and of universal knowledge derived exclusively from sense perception.
singular= senses
particular= exclusively derived from sense percepti
universal=sense perception by itself cannot lead beyond the individual items one’s mind has actually been in contact with
