Quiz 4

Question 1

which of the following qualify as appropriate injection procedures?

Answer 1

• -disposable syringe should be a size larger than amount of anesthetic anticipated for use during the procedure
• -after insertion of the needle one should pull back on the plunger “on the move”

Question 2

epinephrine is used in minor surgery because it is ____

Answer 2

vasoconstrictor

(effective for use in distal end organs (toes, ears) as it decreased collateral circulation

Question 3

which of the following regarding local anesthesia is INCORRECT?

Answer 3

fibers that carry stimuli from pain r/cs have a myeline sheath and are large in diameter

Question 4

which of the following regarding local anesthesia is CORRECT?

Answer 4

• -local anesthesia causes interruption of sensory nerve conduction w/o subjection pt to unconsciousness
• -variables that influence choice & amount of local anesthesia include location, wound contamination & duration of surgical procedure.
• -[higher] of local anesthetics result in loss of touch & pressure stimulus in addition to loss of pain stimuli

Question 5

procaine (novocaine)

Answer 5

as ester that comes w/ or w/o epinephrine & had a slight increased risk of toxic rxn

Question 6

tetracaine (pontocaine)

Answer 6

ester that is common used for spinal blocks

Question 7

lidocaine (xylocaine)

Answer 7

most popular amide due to its option for epinephrine, low toxicity, rapid diffusion & rapid onset of action

Question 8

mepivacaine (carbocaine)

Answer 8

amide that is slightly vasoconstrictive limiting its use in distal end organs

Question 9

bupivacaine (marcaine)

Answer 9

–amide w/ slow onset of action but longer duration of action

Question 10

TAC (tetracaine, epinephrine, cocaine)

Answer 10

–applied topically = good for pediatrics

Question 11

Ophthaine (proparacaine hydrochloride)

Answer 11

anesthetic solution combined w/ glycerine

Question 12

cetacaine (rostra)

Answer 12

anesthetic –effective on mucous membranes = over rides gag reflex

Question 13

ethyl chloride

Answer 13

anesthetic that is applied topically prior to an injection

Question 14

which of the following are correct regarding pharmacology of local anesthetics?

Answer 14

• -max dose of local anesthetic w/o epinephrine is 30cc
• -max dose w/ epinephrine 50cc
• -pregger = no go. d/t toxic effects to fetus.

Question 15

direction infiltration =

Answer 15

useful for open wounds or lacerations

Question 16

field block

Answer 16

• -MC anesthesia technique

- -useful for most lesions

Question 17

volar block

Answer 17

–useful for distal regions of digits

Question 18

what is false about toxic effects of local anesthetics

Answer 18

–systemic cardiovascular effects include hypotension & tachycardia

Question 19

what is true about toxic effects of local anesthetics

Answer 19

• -localized effects may manifest as erythema, pruritus & edema
• -lightheadedness & yawning are common systemic effects that may results from improper injection procedure.
• -screening patient & appropriate use of volume or [ ] of anesthetic may prevent toxic effects