Quiz 4 Flashcards
What are practices for potato handling and storage?
Do not refrigerate
Continue to live after harvest
Avoid dropping or bruising
Minimize exposure to light because it causes solanin to develop from chlorophyll
What toxins produced and potatoes when exposed to light?
Solanin
What are the three classifications of potatoes?
Starchy are low moisture lotion for high starch good for baking frying master roasted\try methods do not hold well together when cooked
Waxy are high moisture low starch hold you gather better but did not collapse easily good for soups stews potato salad boiling and roasting
In between or all purpose
Define cracking
Whole wheat grains that have been crushed a cut into smaller pieces
Define grinding
Reducing to powder
Define hulling
The hull is smashed off the grain leaving a whole grain
Define pearling
The bran is gently leaked off; no longer a grain
Resistant starch
No digested in SI but may ferment in Colon
What are grains?
Grasses that bear edible seeds
What are parts the parts of a grain and what nutrients do they provide?
The bran: fiber, b complex, minerals
Endosperm: starch, vitamins protein, b vitamins
Germ: fat, minerals, vitamin b1 and e, phytochemicals
Why are whole grains so nutritious?
Because they include all parts of the grain
The link between protein content and gluten content?
Ask!
What is needed to make a gluten-free flour blend mimic flour?
40:60 whole grain to starch
Ask!!
What grains and seeds are complete proteins?
Amaranth, buckwheat, chia, quinoa
Which grains and seeds are gluten free?
White and brown rice, amaranth, sweet potato, corn starch, almond, chestnuts, coconut and hazelnut
Semolina
Courser endosperm produced from milling durum that’s used to make pasta
Durum
Hard grain with high protein and gluten content
Define vegetables
Any herbaceous plant that can be wholly or partially eaten
What are the classification of veggies?
Cabbage, fruit-veggies, gourds, greens, pods and seeds, mushrooms and truffles, onions, roots and tubers, stalks and baby
Examples of cabbage
Broccoli and Brussel sprouts
Examples of fruit-veggies
Avocado and tomato
Gourds and squashes
Winter squash and cucumber
Examples of greens
Collard and spinach
Examples of pods and seeds
Legume, corn
Examples of mushrooms and truffles
Fungi with no seeds, stems or flowers
Truffles grow near oak and beech trees
Examples of onions
Leek and Shallot
Roots and tubers
Carrots, beets, potatoes
Examples of stalks
Celery and asparagus
What fruits do we consume as vegetables?
Tomatoes, cucumbers, eggplant, zucchini, squash, pumpkin, cucumber, beans, corn, pepper
What nutrients to vegetables provide?
Low fat High water High fiber Protein Vitamins and minerals Phytochemicals
What is the my plate recommendation?
2 1/2 for women, 3 for men
What is the water content of veggies?
80%
Define organic
No synthetic fertilizers, sewage sludge, irradiation, or genetic engineering
NOP
The USDA national organic program
Labeling classifications for organic
9 in front means organic
100% means all ingredients are organic
Organic means 95% is organic
Made with organic ingredients means 70-90% are organic
Ingredient panel only means less than 70%
What role does irradiation play?
Kills insects, parasites and bacteria
How can we minimize nutrient loss?
Acidulation prevents oxidation
Minimize air and water exposure
Lessen cooking time
Avoid heat
Define ripen
To mature
Define respiration rate
Fruits I still alive even after harvest, so they continued their cellular processes using there carbohydrates as energy. The longer fruit sits the more starch is used; heat also quickens this process
Papain
Enzyme from unripened papaya used to lyse protein
Pectin-
water soluble carbohydrates that create gel in many jams; taken from ripe fruit
Define juice
Look up
Define nectar
Look up
Define cider
Look up
Define fruit
An organ that develops from the ovary of a flowering plant containing one or more seeds
Define phytochemicals
Plant chemical like flavonoid or carotenoid that are beneficial for health, cannot be measured, sum is better than the parts
Define antioxidant
Prevents oxidation, includes vitamins e, c or beta carotene that stop free radicals in the body
Nutrients of fruit
Low fat and calories High water Fiber and natural sugar Vitamins and minerals Vitamins a, c, folate, potassium Antioxidants and phytochemicals
Safety and sanitation issues with fruits and veggies
Ask!
What part of the plant does the potato come from?
Tuber
